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Cost and Price of Flexible PCBs

10/08/2023 dans /par

PCB flexible, also known as FPC, is a flexible PCB made of polyimide or polyester film as a substrate. It has the characteristics of flexibility, poids léger, compactness, folding and bending, three-dimensional wiring , etc., relative to the traditional PCB hardboard, with higher production efficiency, wiring density and light weight, thin thickness and other advantages.

Flexible PCB in the electronics industry intelligent, portable, thin and light trend is widely used in flexible displays, wearable devices, smart phones and other fields, but also in recent years PCB industry segments in the fastest growing category. The main raw materials in the upper reaches of the industry chain include Flexible Copper Clad Laminate (FCCL), covering film, composants, shielding film, adhesive paper, acier, plating additives, dry film and other eight categories, of which FCCL sheet film is commonly found in polyimide film (PI), polyester (ANIMAL DE COMPAGNIE), polyethylene glycol naphthalene dicarboxylate (PEN), LCD high polymer (LCP), and other polymer materials such as plastic film. The midstream is FPC manufacturing, and the downstream is for various applications, including display/touch modules, fingerprint identification modules, camera modules, etc.. The final applications include consumer electronics, communications equipment, électronique automobile, industrial control medical, aerospace and other fields.

What are the components of a flexible PCB?

Flexible PCB is mainly composed of the following parts:

1. Flexible substrate: The substrate of a flexible PCB is usually made of polyimide film or other polymer materials, which are flexible and flexibile.
2. conductive layer: flexible PCB usually contains one or more conductive layer, these conductive layer made of copper or other metals, used to transmit signals and electricity.
3. Isolation: Insulation is used to isolate the conductive layers to prevent short circuits and electromagnetic interference. The insulating layer can be made of polyimide, polyester or other polymer materials.
4. Protective Layer: A protective layer can be added to the surface of the flexible PCB to prevent environmental factors (such as moisture, poussière, contaminants, etc.) on the circuit board.
5. Connectors: Flexible PCBs usually contain connectors to make connections with other circuit boards or components.
Together, these components make up the flexible PCB, allowing it to conform to a variety of curved and twisted shapes while maintaining reliable electrical performance

Factors affecting the price of flexible PCBs include the following:

1. Substrate and material: The substrate and material of flexible PCB have a significant impact on its price. Par exemple, the use of high quality FR-4 materials is more expensive than the use of low quality materials, and special materials (such as PTFE) will also affect the price.

2. Nombre de couches: The number of layers of a flexible PCB is also one of the factors that affects the price. Fewer layers are usually less expensive than more layers.

3. Line width and spacing: Flexible PCB line width and spacing will also affect the price. Narrower lines and spacing require higher manufacturing precision and technology, so the price is higher.

4. Production quantities: The price of flexible PCBs usually increases as the number of flexible PCBs decreases, and mass-produced flexible PCBs are usually cheaper than small quantities of flexible PCBs.

5. Délai de livraison: The delivery time of the flexible PCB is also a factor in the price. If a flexible PCB needs to be delivered quickly, the manufacturer may need to work overtime or use more expensive manufacturing methods, so the cost will be higher.

6. Design complexity: The design complexity of flexible PCB is also one of the factors affecting the price. Complex designs require higher technology and more manufacturing steps, and therefore cost more.

7. Copper trace width and size

Copper trace width is another key factor in the cost of flexible PCBs. Since copper traces play a vital role in signal transmission and current conduction, proper space is needed to improve flex design and reduce flex PCB costs. If the alignment is too tight, the cost of the flexible PCB will be high and difficult to design; therefore, the copper alignment should be kept at a proper distance from each other to improve the cost and reliability of the flexible PCB.

8. Copper trace thickness

The thicker the copper traces, the higher the cost of flexible PCBs. Since the inner layer of the flexible PCB requires a thicker copper layer, more prepreg is needed to complete the lamination, which increases the cost of the flexible PCB. To control the cost of flexible PCBs, use thin copper alignment. You’d better use a half ounce. Copper trace on the inner layer and 1 oz. on the outer trace.

How to Reduce the Cost of Flexible PCBs

To reduce the cost of flexible PCBs, you can consider the following aspects:

1. Optimize design: Optimizing Conception de PCB can reduce costs. Par exemple, reduce the number of components, reduce the number of layers, reduce the width and spacing of the line. En outre, considering PCB maintainability and repairability is also an important aspect of optimization.

2. Choosing the right material can reduce the cost of flexible PCBs. Par exemple, choose cost-effective substrate and wire materials, as well as insulation materials that meet your needs.

3. Reduce waste in the manufacturing process: When manufacturing flexible PCBs, waste should be minimized as much as possible. Par exemple, optimize the cutting and splicing process, reduce the generation of defective products, and improve material utilization.

4. Consider mass production: Mass production of flexible PCBs can reduce costs. Because mass production can achieve economies of scale, improve production efficiency, while reducing material waste.

5. Choose a reputable manufacturer: choosing a reputable manufacturer can ensure the quality of flexible PCB and after-sales service, but also can reduce costs. Because manufacturers can improve manufacturing efficiency and optimize the production process to reduce costs.

6. Consider transportation and delivery time: transportation and delivery time are also factors that affect the cost of flexible PCBs. Choosing fast, reliable transportation can reduce delivery time and transportation costs. En même temps, minimizing inventory can reduce inventory costs.

Flexible PCB is very commonly used in smart electronic devices and wearable devices, in which the advantages of flexible PCB are fully utilized, such as flexible, thin, lumière, compact, high reliability, high stability , etc., which provide important support for the development of electronic products.

If you are looking for Flexible PCB, then you can contact us. Our company specializes in the production and processing of flexible PCB, plus que 10 années d'expérience dans l'industrie, and provides flexible Assemblage PCB services for companies around the world.

The Benefits of PCB Copy Board

09/27/2023 dans /par

Circuit board copy board, c'est, under the premise of having electronic products and circuit boards, reverse analysis technology is used to reverse analyze the circuit board, as well as PCB original product files and bill of materials (Nager)) documents, schematic files and other technical documents and PCB silkscreen production documents according to 1:1 recovery, and then these technical documents and production documents for PCB boards, circuit board soldering, flying probe test, débogage de la planche de circuit. The original circuit is finished. A complete copy of the circuit board template.

Purpose of PCB copying board

1. Through the analysis of existing product technical documents, in terms of design ideas, structural features, process technology, etc.. It can provide feasibility study and competitive reference for its own new product development and improve competitiveness.

2. Through the extraction and modification of technical data files, it can update and further develop various electronic products. According to the document diagram and schematic diagram, PCB can also be optimized according to customer requirements, and a more balanced solution can be found directly between demand and cost.

3. You can quickly add new functions and upgrades on the original basis, improve the competitiveness of the product and further gain an advantage in the market.

What are the benefits of PCB copy boards?

1. Accelerate product development and time-to-market: The traditional product development process requires design and manufacturing from scratch, while PCB copyboards greatly shorten the development cycle by copying and improving others’ designs, so that the product can be brought to market more quickly and seize the first opportunity.

2. Reduce R&D costs: PCB copying can avoid the high R&D costs of designing and manufacturing from scratch, while saving human, material and time resources. This fast and efficient method can greatly reduce R&D costs and improve the competitiveness of enterprises.

3. Simplify the production process: PCB copy can directly refer to existing PCB samples or design drawings, which reduces the research and development costs of the production process, reduces the error rate in production, and greatly improves the production efficiency and product quality.

4. Optimization of product performance: by copying and improving the original product, it can be combined with market demand and technological development, to further optimize product performance and functionality. Not only can we improve the characteristics of the product in terms of hardware, but we can also optimize the software to enhance the overall user experience.

5. Market Opportunity: In a competitive market environment, PCB copy can help companies quickly launch similar or better products to seize the first opportunity in the market. By analyzing and copying competitors’ produits, we can better understand market demand and trends, and promote product innovation and progress.

PCB copy board application fields

PCB copy board technology is widely used in various industries. Par exemple, électronique grand public, équipement de communication, électronique automobile, medical equipment and other industries can realize the rapid development and production of products through PCB copy board. Especially in some high-tech products, the application of PCB copy board is more common, such as artificial intelligence devices, drones, robots and so on. It can be said that PCB copy board has become an indispensable technical means in the modern electronics industry.

Double-sided plate copying method

1. Scan the upper and lower layers of the board and save two BMP images. 2.

2. Open Quickpcb2005 board copying software, point “déposer” “open bottom picture”, open a scanned picture. Use PAGEUP to enlarge the screen, see the pads, according to PP to place a pad, see the line according to PT line… Like a child tracing the same, in this software tracing again, point “Save” to generate a B2P file.

3. Then point “File” à “Open the bottom of the map”, open another layer of scanning color map; 4. Then point “File” à “Open the bottom of the map”, open another layer of scanning color map.

4. And then click “File” “Ouvrir”, open the previously saved B2P file, we see just copied board, stacked on top of this picture – the same PCB board, holes in the same location, only the line connection is different. The same PCB board, holes in the same location, just different line connections. So we press “Options” – “Layer Settings”, where we turn off the display of the top layer of the line and the silkscreen, leaving only the multilayer vias.

5. The perforations on the top layer are in the same position as the perforations on the bottom layer. Now we trace the lines on the bottom layer as we did in childhood. Now we can trace the lines of the bottom layer as we did in childhood. Then click “Save” – the B2P file will have information about the top and bottom layers.

6. Point “File” “Export as PCB file”, you can get a PCB file with two layers of information. You can then change the board or schematic or directly to PCB board factory production.

Multilayer board copying method

1.scan the item layer board, save the picture, name it top.jpg .

2.Scan the bottom layer board, save the picture, name it bottom.jpg.

3.the middle layer 1 with coarse sandpaper grinding out, leaking copper skin, getting clean and scanned, named mid1jpg

4.The middle layer 2 with coarse sandpaper to grind out, leak copper skin, clean scan, named mid2.jpg.

5.In PHOTOSHOP at each picture level, will be the bottom of the map to do horizontal mirroring, and the top and bottom of the map in the same direction, the upper and lower holes in the same position; and then each picture will be saved as a BMP file, such as: top.bmp, bottom.bmp , etc..

6.Open the color copy board software, enter the main menu “déposer”, “open BMP file”, select the top.bmp file to open.

7.Set up a good DPI, you can copy the top layer of the map, the first layer selected to the top layer, and then start putting components, holes, wires and so on.

8.The top layer to put everything in, save the temporary file, named top-1.dpb.

9.Close the current picture window (only one picture at a time, do not open more than one picture).

10.Enter the main menu “File”, “Open BMP file”, select the bottom of the picture bottom.bmp, and then open the temporary file top-1.dpb, then you will find that the top layer of the picture and the bottom of the picture are not aligned with the background picture, press Ctrl A combination, the top layer of the picture and the bottom of the background picture is not aligned. Ctrl A combination of keys, put all the selected pictures, according to the keyboard cursor keys or numeric keys to move the whole, select a few reference points and the corresponding point of the aligned background map, then you can choose the current layer for the bottom, then go to the bottom of the line, pad, fill and so on. After copying the bottom layer, save the temporary file as bottom-1.dpb, or save the PCB file as bottom-1.pcb, this time the file is already a two-layer alignment, combined layer of the file.

11.The same intermediate layer of the board copying process is the same, repeating steps 9 à 10, the final output of the PCB file, is the same as the four-layer PCB board diagram.

How to build a prototype PCB？

09/26/2023 dans /par

Before a circuit board is mass produced, it is important to ensure that the entire product functions properly. This requires a complete product test before mass production. If you want to achieve this function, then you need to make a prototype PCB. Suivant, we introduce the Prototype PCB information in detail.

What is a prototype PCB

PCB prototypes are models or samples of the appearance and function of the final PCB, and are mainly used in the experimental stage to prove the feasibility of the design and detect any potential problems. Avec PCB prototype assembly, manufacturers can get a snapshot of the entire process and eliminate errors before a full production run to ensure everything works as expected when it comes to mass production.

Why do I need to build a PCB prototype?

The main purpose of PCB prototyping is to verify the design idea and test the product function, mainly in the following aspects:

1. Design and functional testing: The prototype PCB board can help engineers in the development process identify defects as early as possible. The more accurate the design, the more ready the defect identification is to minimize the design cost, but also shorten the project time. Through the prototype, engineers can perform functional testing to assess whether the product’s function meets expectations.

2. Conditional testing: Many products need to be applied to special environments, so PCB products must be properly tested to ensure proper operation in the environment. Par exemple, prototypes are usually subjected to temperature change tests, power change tests, impact resistance tests, etc.. to ensure the reliability and stability of the product.

3. Accelerate overall production: Highly accurate PCB prototypes help minimize iterations and rework that can occur during the production phase. With prototypes, vendors can more easily communicate with customers so they understand key design elements. If the customer requires changes or modifications, the supplier can also make adjustments accordingly in the later stages of production to better meet customer needs.

PCB prototype production process

1. Planning and Design:D'abord, create a circuit design layout using paper or computer-aided design software. Consider carefully component layout and alignment routing to minimize interference and crosstalk.

2. Approvisionnement des composants:Gather all the components needed for the circuit. Double-check their values, ratings, and quantities to ensure accuracy.

3. PCB Preparation:After cleaning, check the PCB surface for any errors or signs of cracking. Smooth any rough edges with a small piece of paper or sandpaper. Place the components on the board and plan their positions accordingly.

4. Component Soldering: Solder the components one by one to the prototype board. Use a soldering iron to heat both the component leads and pads to promote proper solder flow and create a strong electrical connection.

5. Testing and troubleshooting: After selling all components, use a multimeter to test conductivity, verify voltage levels, and detect potential shortfalls. Double-check solder joints and component values to identify and resolve any problems.

How to Choose a Prototype PCB Fabricator

The following factors can be considered when choosing a prototype PCB fabricator:

1. Manufacturer qualification and certification: Choose a manufacturer with relevant qualifications and certifications, such as ISO 9001 quality management certification, UL certification, etc., to ensure product quality and compliance with relevant standards.

2. Production capacity: Consider the production capacity of the manufacturer, including the number of production lines, the modernization of equipment, and the skill level of employees, etc., to ensure that the production tasks can be completed within a limited period of time and delivered on time.

3. Experience and reputation: Choose a manufacturer with rich experience and a good reputation, which can be understood by checking the manufacturer’s order history and customer evaluations, etc., to ensure the reliability of product quality and delivery time.

4. Price and service: choose the manufacturer with reasonable price and good service. You need to consider the manufacturer’s price, after-sales service and delivery methods and other factors, in order to reduce the procurement cost and enhance the procurement experience.

5. Technical ability: choose manufacturers with high technical ability. You can consider factors such as the manufacturer’s technical research and development strength, innovation ability and the number of patents to ensure product quality and compliance with technical requirements.

When choosing a manufacturer, you also need to specify the relevant keywords, such as PCB illustration, PCB quality, PCB price, PCB delivery time, Fabrication de PCB capacity, etc.. according to your own needs and project requirements in order to make a selection.

Qu'est-ce que la carte PCB FR4 ?

09/25/2023 dans /par

There are many types of PCB substrate, such as fiberglass board, paper substrate, metal substrate, PCB en céramique, etc., different environments use different materials of the basic. Suivant, I will share with you the details of FR4 PCB board.

Qu'est-ce que la carte PCB FR4?

FR4 is a PCB substrate that is a glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminate in the form of raw material and substrate for circuit boards. Due to its robust nature and flame retardant properties, FR4 is a common laminate substrate used on printed circuit boards and it is vital to provide the required insulation to circuit boards.

FR4 boards have largely replaced G-10 boards.FR4 materials use bromine, a halogen chemical element that is fire-resistant and therefore valuable in providing flame-retardant properties.It is also unable to absorb water and maintains a high level of mechanical strength in addition to incredible insulation capabilities, especially in wet or dry environments.FR4 materials also have high glass transition temperatures ranging from 115 à 200 degrees Celsius, and its FR-4 flame-resistant material class code, which meets UL94V-0, ensures that it will not spread and extinguish the material as soon as it begins to burn.

Typical single, double face, et PCB multicouche circuit boards are made of FR-4, which is so strong and flame-resistant that most circuit boards choose FR-4 as a substrate. FR in FR-4 stands for flame retardant, and the number 4 distinguishes the material from others in this category.FR-4 is a fiberglass reinforced epoxy laminate, which looks like a thin, woven-cloth sheet. The term FR-4 also stands for the grade used to make these laminates. Fiberglass construction provides structural stability to the material. The fiberglass layer is covered with flame retardant epoxy resin. This brings durability and strong mechanical properties to the material.

What are the advantages of FR4 PCB boards?

1. High insulation: FR-4 material has high insulation performance, which can effectively prevent current leakage, thus ensuring the safety and stability of electronic products.

2. High heat resistance: FR-4 material has high heat resistance and can maintain good performance at high temperatures, thus showing good stability in some high temperature environments.

3. High moisture resistance: FR-4 material has good moisture resistance, can maintain good performance in humid environments, so it has a wide range of applications in some humid environments.

4. Good machinability: FR-4 material has good machinability and can be drilled, cut, ground and other machining operations, thus facilitating the production and processing of PCBs.

5. Low-cost materials

FR-4 printed circuit board materials are widely available and inexpensive. Nevertheless, they provide excellent functionality. Cependant, high glass transition temperatures and high relative leakage trace index materials are somewhat expensive.

Applications of FR4 PCB boards

FR4 PCB boards are used in many electronic products, such as cell phones, TVs, and stereos. Due to its high strength, high rigidity and flame retardancy, FR4 PCB board can be adapted to a variety of circuit board design shapes and sizes, and has excellent dielectric constant and dielectric loss performance, so it is also widely used in the field of radio frequency circuits and high-speed signal transmission.

En outre, FR4 PCB boards are also used in the field of industrial control systems. Due to their excellent high frequency characteristics in electrical performance, they can be used for high frequency circuit design such as production line control and robot control.

In some specific areas, such as the military field, FR4 material flame retardant performance has also reached strict standards. Both high performance and safety can be used for surveillance systems, missile systems and other military equipment, high frequency routing and control circuit design.

How to choose FR4 thickness

The thickness of the circuit board is easily overlooked when designing, but it has important properties. The thickness of a circuit board affects the proper use of the entire circuit.

When ordering laminates for a PCB project, the designer or electrical engineer must specify the FR4 thickness. This is measured in inches, such as thousandths of an inch, thousandths of an inch, or millimeters, depending on which unit is most suitable for the setup. Depending on the needs of the project, the thickness of FR4 sheet varies widely, but is usually between 10,000 et 3 pouces.

1. Space: The thinner the better

Some electronic devices have less space available, such as Bluetooth accessories, use linkers, etc.. For these products, smaller FR4 PCBs are often preferred to save space inside the device.

2. Impédance contrôlée

Some high-frequency/high-speed boards require controlled impedance. We know that a stable dielectric constant (Dk) and a low dielectric constant thermal coefficient help achieve controlled impedance. Maintaining the thickness balance of FR-4 material is critical. Thin PCBs face high heat and an increased thermal coefficient of dielectric constant (TCDK), which leads to fluctuations in dielectric constant (DK). Donc, maintaining PCB thickness is critical to achieving a low dielectric constant (Dk).

3. Connections

Two PCBs need to be connected to each other by an edge connector or another matched socket. Connectors are only available in a limited number of sizes. Therefore they are only suitable for a specific PCB thickness. This can be a limiting factor for PCB thickness. If an existing PCB is being redesigned and is part of an older system, the PCB thickness must be checked twice. This is the fundamental reason why it is important to pay attention to the thickness of the board after the circuit design is completed and before ordering for manufacturing.

4. Impact matching should be good

Each multilayer board acts as a capacitor on an adjacent layer. This is why the thickness of the circuit board is so important. PCB FR4 material thickness determines the thickness of the dielectric, which in turn affects the capacitance value.

This is a particularly critical factor for some high-frequency PCBs, such as RF and microwave designs. High frequency designs focus on inductive quenching as an important component to maintain optimal board functionality, and getting the right capacitance for each layer is critical.

5. Flexibility Options

Flexibility is another important factor to consider when choosing the thickness of FR-4 PCB material. The thinner the board, the more flexible it is. Due to heat, highly flexible and thinner PCBs are often at high risk of soldering due to bending and angle changes during use. Heat management should be a priority in these designs.

Because thinner PCBs show effective performance against conventional stresses on flexible products. They have a wide range of applications in medical and automotive equipment.

6. Design and weight requirements

Thin PCBs are lightweight and small in size, thus facilitating consumer electronics. It is easy to carry out and also reduces the transportation cost of the material. But thin boards are not the answer to large boards. Increasing the size of thin boards can lead to PCB breakage and bending. Cependant, extra thick boards take up a larger surface area and increase the total weight of the module/device, which has its own consequences.

What can an LST company do?

LST Technology has several years of experience in Fabrication de PCB and can meet the needs of most customers. Compared to other manufacturers, we offer a wider range of options, such as various thicknesses and layers, multiple surface treatments, and different substrate materials. This makes it more advantageous for you to customize FR4 PCB to your specific requirements.

Regarding materials, we source our laminate and prepreg materials from top suppliers such as Isola, Taconic, Panasonic, and Shengyi Technology. This ensures that we provide high-quality materials that are consistent and reliable, resulting in superior circuit board.

We are a reliable company that can provide various industry certifications, including the conventional ISO9001 and 14001, as well as the “International Automotive Industry Technical Specifications” IATF16949 and “Medical Device Quality Management System for Regulatory Requirements” ISO13485. Cependant, at LST Technology, qualification certification is only one aspect of demonstrating our capabilities to customers. We also formulate stricter operating specifications and testing services, which are essential in ensuring the smooth progress of your PCB project.

Matériaux et processus pour le rempotage PCB

09/21/2023 dans /par

Il y a une carte PCB dans tous les appareils électroniques, Et la durée de vie de ces produits dépend essentiellement de la durée de vie du PCB. Donc, La protection du puits du PCB est devenue un élément important. Ici, LST introduit une technologie qui peut bien protéger les PCB, c'est le potage PCB.

Qu'est-ce que le PCB de rempotage?

Le rempotage est un moyen de protéger les PCB de la chaleur, dangers environnementaux, et produits chimiques. Cela est principalement dû au fait que la coque externe du PCB est remplie d'une substance utilisée pour protéger l'ensemble du PCB et des composants.

1.Le rempotage améliore les performances électroniques et la fiabilité du circuit en protégeant les PCB de la falsification, humidité, et les fuites de tension. Le rempotage protège également l'électronique des effets des vibrations et des contraintes, Empêcher les déconnexions de câblage et la défaillance précoce du système.

2.En plus, Les ondes de vibration du boîtier PCB et PCB peuvent être appariées, intensification du stress sur le PCB et provoquant une défaillance précoce. Les PCB deviennent résistants aux contraintes et aux vibrations en rempotant.

3.Aussi, L'encapsulation protège les PCB de la saleté et de la poussière, ce qui peut provoquer une surchauffe, Interférence du signal, et diminution de la vitesse ou des performances.

4.Dernièrement, Le rempotage de la carte PCB améliore la sécurité et la confidentialité de l'appareil électronique. La nature du rempotage rend l'accès à votre PCB et l'ingénierie inverse de votre appareil incroyablement difficile, améliorant ainsi la confidentialité et la sécurité de votre carte PCB.

5 types composés de rempotage

Une option est l'époxy, qui est un matériau durable avec une grande résistance chimique et une forte résistance à l'adhésion. Cependant, Les époxys nécessitent beaucoup de temps pour guérir et régler.

Le polyuréthane est un autre choix - il est plus doux et plus souple que l'époxy. Cela rend le polyuréthane utile pour protéger les composants électroniques fragiles qui peuvent ne pas fonctionner bien avec les composés de rempotage rigide. Cependant, Le polyuréthane a tendance à avoir une résistance à la chaleur et à l'humidité plus faibles par rapport à certaines alternatives.

Le silicone peut également être utilisé pour le rempotter les PCB. Il est extrêmement flexible et peut résister à des températures extrêmes. L'inconvénient est que le silicone a tendance à être plus cher que les autres matériaux de rempotation, il peut donc ne pas être pratique en fonction de l'application.

Les adhésifs en acrylique sont facilement solubles dans de nombreux solvants organiques, ce qui facilite la réalisation des réparations des panneaux et ne fournit souvent que une résistance chimique sélective. Les adhésifs en acrylique offrent les avantages du séchage rapide, Bonne résistance à la moisissure et à la moisissure, Pas de retrait pendant le durcissement et une bonne résistance à l'humidité. Les inconvénients, cependant, sont une faible résistance à l'abrasion et une sensibilité aux rayures, Écaillage et pelage.

La dernière espèce est l'uréthane, ce qui est très protecteur, dur et très résistant aux solvants, offrant une excellente résistance à l'abrasion et une faible perméabilité de l'humidité. Il a également une bonne adaptabilité à basse température, mais ne fonctionne pas bien dans des environnements à haute température et la plupart ne peuvent pas être réparés ou retravaillés.

Divers documents ont des avantages et des inconvénients différents qui devraient être considérés, Le choix du bon matériau est déterminé par les applications. Par exemple, Le silicone et l'époxy sont parfaits pour les circonstances à des températures élevées; cependant, L'uréthane aurait la meilleure performance de protection aux produits chimiques. Le point clé que nous devons remarquer lors de la sélection du matériel est que nous devons avoir une réflexion claire sur le type de protection que nous voulons réaliser.

Comment choisir des matériaux de rempotage PCB

Les facteurs suivants doivent être pris en compte lors du choix d'un matériau de revêtement pour les cartes de circuits imprimés:

1. Résistance à la chaleur: Les cartes de circuits imprimées fonctionnent généralement à des températures élevées, Le matériau de revêtement doit donc pouvoir résister aux environnements à haute température.

2. Isolation: Le matériau de revêtement doit avoir une bonne isolation pour empêcher la carte de circuit imprimé de court-circuit ou d'autres défaillances électriques.

3. Résistance chimique: Étant donné que la carte de circuit imprimé peut entrer en contact avec divers produits chimiques pendant l'utilisation, le matériau de revêtement doit être chimiquement résistant.

4. Soudabilité: Le matériau de revêtement doit être soudable pour faciliter la soudure et la réparation de la carte de circuit imprimé.

5. Se résistance à l'usure: La carte de circuit imprimé peut être soumise à l'usure pendant l'utilisation, Le matériau de revêtement doit donc avoir un certain degré de résistance à l'usure.

6. Coût: Le coût du matériel de revêtement est également l'un des facteurs à prendre en compte lors de la sélection du matériau.

Flux de procédé de PCB Potting Board

Préparer
▶ Les composés de rempotage
▶ Un conteneur ou un seau
▶ Un agitateur
▶ Échelles de précision
▶ chaque fois que la résine est prête, Vous aurez besoin des matériaux suivants pour le procédé PCB ▶ Le procès-verbal de la carte:
▶ Masque protecteur
▶ Gants protecteurs en néoprène
▶ Vêtements de protection
▶ Lunettes de protection
▶ Pour assurer des résultats de haute qualité, Vous devez contrôler la résine. Cette étape nécessite:
▶ Un four à air chaud
▶ Testeur de dureté (rivage analogique a)

Le rempotage des cartes de circuit imprimé peut améliorer sa stabilité, fiabilité, prolonger sa durée de vie, mais aussi pour le protéger de l'impact de l'environnement. Dans le fonctionnement spécifique du temps, nous devons choisir en fonction des exigences de performance du produit avec quels matériaux et méthodes, À propos de PCB Potting plus de connaissances, Vous pouvez consulter notre service client en ligne.

Service de fabrication de chiffre d'affaires rapide: Électrique & PCBA

09/18/2023 dans /par

Electronic rapid turnover manufacturing services refer to the efficient management system and advanced production technologies used by enterprises to produce products in a short period of time to meet customer needs. This service is a very important service for companies that need to produce and process products in a short period of time.

At LST, we provide fast turnaround services, including circuit design, Fabrication de PCB et Assemblage PCB, to provide customers with end-to-end support from concept to final PCBA fabrication. In the field of PCBA, we provide the most professional fast manufacturing services. Our engineers will develop a perfect production process plan for each product based on the characteristics of the customer products.

Service de fabrication de chiffre d'affaires rapide

Electronic rapid turnover manufacturing services require manufacturers to have effective design, manufacturing and supply chain management capabilities, as well as professional technical support teams to provide high quality products and services.

1. Rapid design and manufacturing: The manufacturer of electronic products will quickly design and create electronic products that meet the requirements according to the specifications and needs provided by customers. This process usually requires efficient production lines and advanced manufacturing technologies.

2. Quick Supply Chain Management: In order to ensure the efficiency of fast turnover manufacturing services, manufacturers need to establish an efficient supply chain management system. This includes procurement management, inventory management and logistics of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products.

3. Customized service: Selon les besoins des clients, manufacturers can provide customized services, including customization in design, fabrication, packaging and transportation.

4. Quick Response: Manufacturers need to establish a quick response mechanism to solve problems on time. This includes the establishment of a professional technical support team to provide 24-hour technical support and after-sales service.

PCBA Production Process

Fast turnaround in the project does not entail eliminating any essential steps in the conventional PCB assembly process. Instead, it focuses on eliminating unnecessary time wastage, automating processes to replace manual labor, and minimizing overtime to increase efficiency. FS Technology offers a fast prototyping PCBA service that follows the following process:

1.Order Receipt: To initiate the process, please provide us with your email address for communication. A dedicated account manager will then contact you to discuss the project requirements in detail and review the Conception de PCB and specifications.

2.Circuit Design: If required, we can provide circuit design services or support for electronic manufacturers lacking design capabilities.

3.Component Procurement: We will procure the necessary components for the PCBA. This involves placing orders with suppliers or pulling components from our inventory.

4.Stencil Creation: A stencil, a thin metal sheet with openings corresponding to the PCB pads, is created. This stencil is used to apply solder paste, which holds the components in place during assembly. The quick full PCB assembly service provider, such as FS Technology, will generate a stencil based on the PCB design.

5.PCB Preparation: The fabricated PCB boards are thoroughly cleaned and prepared for assembly.

6.Solder Paste Application: The solder paste is precisely applied to the PCB using the created stencil.

7.Placement des composants: Our skilled technicians meticulously position the components on the PCB in strict accordance with the design and specifications. During prototype manufacturing, manual placement is often employed to minimize time delays associated with programming automated equipment. Cependant, for mass PCB assembly, our state-of-the-art production line is equipped with automated high-speed placement machines and AI plug-in machines, enabling efficient and precise component placement without sacrificing speed or accuracy.

8.Reflow Soldering/Wave Soldering: The PCBA board, with the components securely attached, undergoes reflow soldering or soudure d'onde in an oven. The high temperature melts the solder paste, forming permanent connections between the components and the PCB.

9.Assembly Inspection and Rework: A thorough inspection is conducted to identify any defects, such as incorrect component placement or solder bridges. If necessary, rework is performed to rectify any issues.

10.Function Test: The assembled PCB undergoes comprehensive testing to ensure it functions as expected.

11.Packaging and Shipping: The finalized PCBA is carefully packaged and promptly shipped to the customer.

Advantages of Fast PCBA

Time Constraints: When facing project deadlines or the need for speedy product launches, opting for fast prototype PCB assembly is a strategic choice to ensure on-time delivery. The ability to complete projects swiftly serves as a testament to a manufacturer’s capabilities, making it particularly valuable for businesses with time-sensitive projects.

Large Quantities: Quick turn PCB fabrication allows electronic manufacturers to save time in screening and selecting PCBA suppliers, establishing long-term partnerships with reliable service providers for batch projects. This is particularly advantageous when there is a requirement to generate a significant number of PCBA quickly.

Rentabilité: For businesses lacking the necessary personnel or equipment to efficiently manufacture PCBA in-house, engaging the services of a China quick turn PCB assembly factory can be more cost-effective. Outsourcing assembly services eliminates the need for significant investments and overhead costs associated with assembling PCBA board independently.

Flexibilité: Rapid PCB assembly services offer flexibility in terms of production quantities, catering to businesses with varying needs for small-scale or high-volume PCBAs. At FS Technology, we provide valuable design and component selection advice, ensuring that the final circuit board meets the required specifications and functions as expected.

Expertise: Manufacturers specializing in high-volume quick turn PCBA services employ skilled technicians and designers who contribute to the success of the project and ensure compliance with quality standards. To meet customer demands for rapid turnaround, FS Technology leverages cutting-edge technologies, highly skilled labor, and the latest tools and procedures to deliver high-quality PCB fabrication and production within short timeframes.

Get fast PCBA service from LST

For customers, the most important thing about choosing a PCBA manufacturer is to obtain high-quality products, and at the same time, it can also obtain a certain cost advantage. LST is such a manufacturer, and choosing to do Chinese manufacturing has more advantages.

Competitive pricing: Fast turnover and fast service must pay a higher price. For European and American countries, local manufacturers may not be able to provide the most cost-effective solutions. Chine, known for its manufacturing strength, has provided cost advantages for fast service due to low labor costs.

Excellent quality: Although China’s PCBA industry may start later than European and American countries, it has made great progress in quality and speed. China’s fast Fabricant de PCB provides the best combination of price, quality and speed, and often surpasses the quality of other countries, such as India.

Effective communication: Among the major foreign trading countries, the English level of the Chinese is worth noting, and exchanges are caused by language differences to the greatest extent. Taking LST technology as an example, our sales team is proficient in English, Russian, Spanish, etc., and can conduct detailed project discussions with customers through video conferences.

There are fewer limitations: the need for fast turnaround sometimes limits the PCB design. Some parts or design elements may not be readily available or are not suitable for assembly methods. Chinese manufacturers are good at finding solutions to these challenges to help you overcome these constraints.

Why Choose PCB Contract Manufacturing Services

09/13/2023 dans /par

OEM circuit board is the production model of many companies. They will look for PCB manufacturers all over the world, and sign PCB contract manufacturing services after determining cooperation. If you are looking for a PCB partner, then learn about LST and maybe you will stop your search and work with us.

Headquartered in Shenzhen, Chine, LST PCB Contract Manufacturer provides Fabrication de PCB services to our customers across multiple industries. We strive to build close relationships with all our customers, taking the time to understand not only their technical needs, but also their broader business needs. Ultimately, our goal is to help you bring better products to market, and foundry manufacturing is a key part of that.

Why choose to contract a PCB manufacturer

There are many benefits to working with a Fabricant de PCB that can help group companies save more money and get their products to market quickly. Benefits are listed below:

Accuracy and Production Speed: High product quality and minimum lead time are two important requisites to succeed in making a Assemblage PCB. With the advancement of technologies and facilities, experienced, trusted, and knowledgeable contract circuit board manufacturing companies assure both shortened lead time and high quality. To avoid further malfunctioning, the circuit boards are tested in real environments under the guidance of experts.

Minimum Designing Time: The circuit board designing time can be a big concern for many composant électronique fabricants. This is because the PCB assembly and fabrication process require time depending upon the complexity, couches, number of components, and other factors. Cependant, a contract manufacturer will overcome such issues and some other design difficulties as they have the required experience and expertise.

One-Stop-Shop for Circuit Board Manufacturing: This is one of the important benefits of employing a contract PCB manufacturer. Highly experienced companies will offer end-to-end solutions for all your PCB manufacturing needs, right from the ideation stage to installation and beyond. This means you don’t need to contact different companies for assembling different components. They are responsible for handling everything ranging from the circuit board designing to the final production process. They also guarantee supply chain logistics, which is a major issue for several electronic parts manufacturers out there.

Low Operational Costs and Improved Production: For startups or small electronic firms it is a big deal to make such a huge capital investment. Donc, partnering with contract manufacturers helps keep their operating expenses low. They can also be assured of improved time to market and increased volumes.

Quick Component Sourcing: Many small electronic manufacturers are worried about the overall costs associated with components and parts used in PCB assembly. Contract manufacturing helps them in several ways. Initialement, they will review the circuit board design and assist compact and value-efficient designs that suit their application needs. Aussi, most of these manufacturers can source the right component from their supply chain network easily.

Reduces Costly Rework: Le Conception de PCB needs to be flawless and if there are any changes or errors they need to be fixed in the early stages. Contract manufacturers use thorough inspection and testing techniques at every stage of the Processus de fabrication de PCB. These may include a combination of manual and automated testing techniques. Early testing and fixing bugs reduces costly replacement work and waste of production time.

Our Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Services

Our electronic contract manufacturing expertise encompasses a range of services:

Electronics component assembly: We provide surface mount and through-hole electronics assembly to IPC-A-610 standards in both leaded and ROHS technologies. An extensive selection of component placers, screen printers, soldering tools and other equipment drives both automated and semi-automated assembly processes. Our team works in two shifts to expedite orders while ensuring a high standard of quality control and circuit board assembly.

Box building and turnkey final assembly: We are unique from other local competitors in our box build capabilities, making us an ideal partner for contract electronic manufacturing in Pennsylvania. We’ll work with you to source a metal or plastic enclosure for your product, as well as any necessary wire harnesses or other components. We can also provide custom overlays and install them as part of the final assembly process to leave you with a finished electronic product design that’s ready for immediate drop shipment.

Essai: Your customers demand a high level of quality control — working with a contract manufacturer that can deliver in-house final testing is critical to both your reputation and your peace of mind. We have AOI test, Test des TIC, PCB function meter, flying probe test, etc.. We can detect 100% of the problem parts.

Areas we serve

Over the past few years, LST has provided PCB contract manufacturing services to several customers in the following areas:

Médical: Medical equipment has always been a key manufacturing area for us. We have medical equipment manufacturing certificates to meet a variety of customer needs.

Intelligent home: Intelligent home products include microwave radar sensor lamps, intelligent air conditioners, intelligent stereos, et ainsi de suite.

New energy fields: solar inverter, photovoltaic control system, electric vehicle charging pile are representatives of new energy PCB.

Électronique grand public: wearable devices, téléphones portables, audio devices, video devices. We also have many representative products.

PCBA function test guide

09/11/2023 dans /par

PCBA Functional testing, which is performed to ensure that the product meets the design requirements both in terms of product description, user plans and operating programs, is performed according to the characteristics of the product description, user plans and operating programs. Functional testing ensures that the program works properly, tests the software against functional requirements, and tests all features and functions of the system to ensure that it meets the requirements and specifications.

Functional testing is also known as black box testing or data driven testing because only the various functions need to be tested one by one from the software product interface, the test case architecture based on written requirements, and the evaluation of the input data between the expected results and the actual results one by one, not the internal structure and code of the software.

PCBA functional testing will cover both hardware and software. The customer must send the test plan to the manufacturer to guide the test engineers. You need to list the behaviors and results (Par exemple, if you press, Par exemple, button one, the green light comes on).

Why need Functional Testing

The purpose of PCBA functional testing is to ensure the quality of the product, improve the product qualification rate, improve the production process and get a better user experience. Functional testing can gain these following benefits:

·By simulating the operating environment for the Assemblage PCB under test, functional testing minimizes the cost for the customer. It is not necessary to provide the real and expensive testing equipment.

·It helps to avoid expensive system tests that often save the customer time and financial resources.

·It is possible to test 50-100% of the product before shipping, thereby minimizing the customer’s time and effort to test and debug the PCB assembly.

·It is possible for skilled professionals to extract the maximum productivity with a functional test, making this the most effective testing apart from a full system test.

·Along with ICT and flying probe tests, functional testing can make the PCB assembly error free and more robust.

PCBA function test method

1. Manual Test Fixture

Manual test fixtures use baking paint and acrylic pinboard output PCB input/output and power supply, and manually simulate input/output. The results are confirmed by the tester.

Due to high labor costs and low efficiency, manual testing is gradually replaced by manual test fixtures, which are only part of the test, but less demanding and less costly for manual participation.

2.MCU control function test

Make the fixture lock or pneumatic fixture and pull out the probe. Then connect the input/output power supply to the microcontroller circuit so that the microcontroller can run the test program and automatically measure the analog input/output.

This method is characterized by moderate price, high test efficiency, guaranteed test quality and less human intervention. Cependant, this method lacks versatility is generally only applicable to machines equipped with fixtures.

3.PCBA Universal Automated Test System

PCBA universal automated test system designed for most manual testing and design. Because the test system is powerful, you can test a variety of PCBA and become a universal test system.

Humanized test principle: By sampling the model parameters, setting the error range, and comparing with the test board to determine whether it is qualified or not.

Simplicity test: Press the needle bar manually and the system automatically handles it. Product quality can be judged by the system, excluding the influence of human judgment factors. De plus, its speed is incomparable to manual testing.

The system consists of acquisition, control board and test software. It is connected to a programmable AC/DC power supply and DC load. High sample rate products can be equipped with an external oscilloscope.

The system can test PCBA synchronization signals, user interfaces, modular programming environment models and conversions.

This method is costly, but testing is fast and requires no human intervention. It is versatile in its application and provides more comprehensive testing.

PCBA function test content

PCBA function test content voltage, actuel, power, power factor, frequency, duty cycle, position determination and other functional parameters of the measurement.PCBA function test contains content: general part:

1: The power supply part of the test–whether the power supply is working properly, test the voltage of each point–use a comparator or other.

2: Port (interface) test, whether there is Short & Ouvrir, resulting in abnormalities.

3: Integrated circuit module IC I/O read/write function test – Éclair & Eeprom & Processeur & SDRAM & logic IC etc.

4: Special function tests (different board requirements are inconsistent) – such as infrared, the need for external receivers.

Conclusion

At LSTPCB, we provide customers with complete PCB testing solutions and test all products. We have experience testing a wide range of PCBA products and can quickly provide test solutions to our customers to help them find the best test methods to improve performance, qualité, manufacturability, reliability and reduce costs.

Difficulties and Challenges in PCB Design for Electric Vehicles

09/06/2023 dans /par

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the impact of fluctuating oil prices, more and more consumers are considering purchasing new energy vehicles as a means of transportation. En outre, the brand image and service quality of new energy vehicles are also improving, attracting more consumers. The market share of electric vehicles continues to grow, and more and more automakers are launching electric vehicles. Entre-temps, with the further development of battery technology and the improvement of infrastructure, the future development of electric vehicles is promising.

Electric vehicles have a very wide market, but the design requirements are getting higher and higher, which includes the difficulties of Conception de PCB for electric vehicles. This article will give you a detailed introduction to the difficulties and challenges of PCB design for electric vehicles.

Difficulties in electric vehicle PCB design mainly include the following aspects:

1. High reliability PCBs and components installed on the board must meet high reliability standards, because it is related to the safety of operation and life. When the car works in a harsh environment, it will encounter vibration, shock and other problems, so the circuit must have a certain corrosion resistance and resistance to harsh environments.

2. High security requirements. The car must ensure the safety of the entire vehicle system, or even zero defects. In electric vehicles, the importance of information security is becoming more and more prominent, so security measures such as data encryption are required.

3.The PCB needs of electric vehicles mainly come from powertrain-related equipment, on-board equipment, battery management system (BMS), voltage conversion systems (DC-DC, onduleur, etc.), and other high-voltage and low-voltage equipment, which require highly durable, reliable and rugged PCB applications.

4.PCB design needs to adapt to the evolving new energy drive system, so innovative PCB applications are needed to meet these needs.

PCB Design Challenges for EVs

PCBs play a vital role in managing complex EV electronic systems. Designing PCBs for electric vehicles comes with unique challenges that engineers and designers must overcome to ensure optimal performance, safety, et la fiabilité.

Size and Space Constraints
To maximize limited space, PCB designers must optimize components and routing paths. The challenge intensifies as the demand for additional functionalities, such as advanced driver assistance systems, increases. Maintaining structural integrity while accommodating sensors, modules de communication, and safety features is challenging.

Gestion thermique
In electric vehicles, thermal management is crucial for reliable and safe operation. Designers must carefully plan and implement cooling mechanisms to prevent overheating and ensure long-term reliability. A combination of high-power components and limited space necessitates using advanced thermal management techniques like heat sinks, heat pipes, and thermal vias to dissipate heat efficiently.

Vibration and Mechanical Stress
Due to uneven surfaces and vehicle acceleration, electric vehicles are subject to various mechanical stresses and vibrations. PCB designers must ensure that their boards are durable and reliable in these conditions. These challenges can be mitigated by strengthening the PCBs, selecting suitable materials, and using techniques like shock and vibration damping.

Interférence électromagnétique
Due to high-power components and sensitive electronic systems operating close together, interférence électromagnétique (EMI) is a big concern in electric vehicle PCB design. To minimize EMI and maintain signal integrity, designers must use shielding techniques, ground plane separation, and filtering. Compliance with electromagnetic compatibility standards and regulations is crucial to prevent interference with other vehicle systems and external devices.

Safety and Reliability
Electric vehicles have to be safe and reliable. PCB designers need to follow strict safety standards. It’s important to ensure the appropriate isolation of high-voltage circuits, implement redundant systems for critical functions, and validate PCB designs for reliability and fault tolerance.

Electronic systems for electric vehicles pose a lot of challenges for PCB designers. Managing power electronics, optimizing space, and addressing thermal management and EMI issues are all part of the design process. PCB designers can help make electric vehicles safer, more reliable, and more efficient by addressing these challenges head-on and leveraging innovative design techniques.

PCB designers working on EV projects can use Cadence tools to help with challenges for electric vehicle design. Cadence tools include PCB Design and Analysis Software and OrCAD PCB Designer.

Haut 8 Electronics Manufacturing Companies in USA

08/31/2023 dans /par

The electronics industry in the United States has been a leader in technological innovation and product development. This industry covers a wide range of fields, including semiconductors, matériel informatique, logiciel, and communications technology. Electronics manufacturing companies in the United States have a huge global presence, and in this article, we will list 8 well-known electronics […]