Lista completa de arquivos necessários para PCB pronto para uso

Service Model	Core Features	Customer Involvement	Typical Use Cases
Chave na mão completa	Supplier handles all material procurement + production and assembly	Low (customer only provides design files)	SMEs, startups, rapid mass-production needs
Partial Turnkey	Customer provides some key materials; supplier completes the remaining processes	Medium (customer participates in core material management)	Customers with specific material resources or high cost sensitivity
Consign (Contract Manufacturing)	Customer provides all materials; supplier only performs manufacturing and assembly	Alto (full material control by customer)	Large enterprises with strict supply chain systems

Core Design Files (Fundação de Fabricação)

1. Gerber Files (Mandatory)

Standard formats:

• RS-274X (extended format with embedded D-codes, industry standard)

• Gerber X2 (latest upgraded format supporting embedded stack-up information)

Required layers:

• Copper layers (Principal / Bottom / Inner layers)

• Solder mask layers (Top/Bottom Solder Mask)

• Silkscreen layers (Top/Bottom Silkscreen)

• Solder paste layers (Pasta de solda)

• Drill drawing layer

Notas:

• Avoid using the obsolete RS-274-D format.

• File names must clearly indicate layer functions (Por exemplo, “TOP_COPPER.GBR”).

2. ODB++ Files (Recommended Alternative)

An integrated file format that consolidates design, material, and process information, supporting export from mainstream EDA tools such as Altium and KiCad.

Vantagens:

• Reduces the number of files transmitted

• Lowers the risk of layer-matching errors

• Accelerates CAM processing workflows

3. Drill / Routing Files

Format requirements:

• Excellon format (.drr / .drl), including drill sizes, positions, and plated/non-plated hole indicators

Supplementary files:

• Route files for irregular board shapes or slot machining

4. Netlist Files

Compliant with the IPC-D-356 standard, containing component connectivity relationships and test point information.

Purpose:

• Verifies PCB electrical connectivity integrity

• Reduces short-circuit and open-circuit defects

Lista de materiais (Bom) Related Files

1. Complete BOM Table (Core Requirement)

Required fields:

Format requirements:

• Excel or CSV format for machine readability

• Avoid ambiguous descriptions

2. Alternative Component List (Optional but Recommended)

Provide compatible alternative part numbers for key components and indicate differences (Por exemplo, temperature range, tolerance).

Purpose:

• Mitigates material shortages

• Shortens procurement lead times

Assembly and Production Files

1. Coordinate Files (Centroid / Pick and Place)

Core information:

• Component X/Y coordinates

• Rotation angle

• Reference designator

• Package type

Format:

• ASCII text (.TXT / .CSV) for direct import into SMT machines

Observação:

• The coordinate origin must match the Gerber files.

2. Assembly Drawings

Includes component layout diagrams, polarity markings, critical dimensional tolerances, and soldering requirements.

Recommended formats:

• Pdf (annotatable)

• CAD source files (Por exemplo, .ETAPA)

3. Stencil Files

Corresponds to the Gerber solder paste layer, indicating aperture size and shape (round / rectangular / personalizado).

Special requirements:

• For fine-pitch components such as BGA/QFP, aperture reduction ratios must be specified.

4. Test Files (Opcional)

• DFM report: Design for Manufacturability analysis to identify process conflicts in advance

• Test point files: ICT/FCT test point coordinates and test specifications

• Board outline files: PCB contour and tooling hole information

Compliance and Certification Documents

1. Environmental Compliance Documents

• RoHS compliance declaration: Restricts six hazardous substances (Pb ≤ 0.1%, Cd ≤ 0.01%)

• REACH certification: Covers the list of 224 Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC)

• Halogen-free declaration: Chlorine ≤ 900 ppm, Bromine ≤ 900 ppm, Total halogens ≤ 1500 ppm

2. Quality Certification Documents

• ISO 14001 Environmental Management System certification

• IPC-1401 PCB sustainability standard

• UL certification for power-related PCB products

3. Conflict Minerals Declaration

Compliant with Dodd-Frank Act Section 1502, declaring that tantalum, estanho, tungsten, and gold originate from conflict-free regions.

Best Practices for File Submission (Avoid Common Pitfalls)

File packaging:

• Compress all files into a single ZIP package

• Naming format: ProjectName-Version-Date (Por exemplo, “SmartSensor-V1.2-20240520.zip”)

Version control:

• Clearly label file versions to avoid confusion between old and new files

Format compatibility:

• Design files: RS-274X Gerber + ODB++ preferred

• Bom: Excel 97–2003 (.xls) or CSV

• Drawings: PDF/A format (ensures long-term readability)

Special notes:

• Provide a separate document for process requirements (Por exemplo, lead-free soldering, revestimento isolante)

• Specify cosmetic requirements (silkscreen color, solder mask color)

Conclusão

Resumindo, Placa de circuito impresso pronta para uso, as a one-stop solution integrating design, aquisição, fabricação, conjunto, e testes, offers the core advantages of simplifying workflows, reduzindo custos, and mitigating multi-party communication risks. From startups to large enterprises, this model enables rapid deployment of high-quality PCB products.

File preparation is the prerequisite for advancing Turnkey services and spans the entire production lifecycle: design files centered on Gerber (RS-274X/Gerber X2) and ODB++ form the manufacturing foundation; complete and standardized BOMs and alternative component lists determine procurement efficiency; coordinate files and assembly drawings are critical for SMT placement; and compliance documents such as RoHS and REACH ensure smooth market entry.