Publications par Personnel administratif

Quick Turn PCB Manufacturing Guide: How to choose manufacturer

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Quick Turn Fabrication de PCB means that PCB can complete mass production in a short time, so it is named “Quick Turn PCB”. Fast PCB can help customers realize the rapid entering the market, while ensuring sufficient capacity. High -quality, haute efficacité, and relatively low cost make the Quick Turn PCB manufacturing very popular.

The advantage of fast PCB manufacturing

The advantages of fast PCB manufacturing mainly include the following points:

1. Livraison rapide: The traditional Processus de fabrication de PCB may take several days or weeks to complete, and the Quick Turn PCB manufacturing can be completed in just a few hours, which greatly shortens the product listing time.

2. High -precision: Quick TURN PCB manufacture uses high -precision laser or lithography technology, which can make PCB with high precision lines and details, which improves the reliability of the circuit.

3. Faible coût: Although the initial investment manufactured by Quick Turn PCB may be high, due to its fast and high -precision characteristics, it can save a lot of time and cost in the long run.

4. Flexibilité: Quick Turn PCB manufacturing allows designers and engineers to ite and modify during the manufacturing process to better meet product needs.

5. Customization: Quick Turn PCB manufacturing can customize the size, shape and materials of PCB according to the needs of the customer, thereby meeting various application needs.

Quick Turn PCB Prototypes

UN Prototype PCB is a fabricated PCB that is created to check and evaluate the functionality and capability of the final Assemblage PCB that is the objective of production, to make sure it meets the current required technical and electrical applications.

These prototype PCBs are created with all the functionalities and properties that are expected from the final finished PCBs. Prototypes help prove the Conception de PCB, providing the avenue to thoroughly test it and resolve any performance or regulatory compliance issues before full manufacture commences.

The prototype stage is where the correction, addition, or omission of features are done to ensure that the final Assemblage PCB is without any technical errors. This is done before the quick turn automation begins in earnest. Donc, valuable time is invested in prototype testing to support efficiency and performance.

Early prototypes can be drastically different from the finished product. Donc, the first batch of prototypes is usually done in smaller quantities. Prototypes are crucial because it is difficult to make changes to a finished PCB.

Quick turn PCB prototypes are therefore beneficial for the following reasons:

●Save significant manufacturing costs.

●Avoid manufacturing defects or spotting them at an early stage for correction.

●Save valuable delivery time by meticulously checking the design for manufacturability.

●Avoid manufacturing delays by reducing changes during production.

●Provide chances for manufacturers to make adjustments before full production, based on client and user feedback.

How to ensure the quality of Quick Turn PCB manufacturing

To ensure the quality of the Quick Turn PCB manufacturing, the following measures can be taken:

1. Choose high -quality manufacturers: Choose a fast Fabricant de PCB with good reputation and rich experience to ensure that its production technology and equipment meet industry standards.

2. Provide clear design files: ensure clear and accurate design files provided to the manufacturer, including the correct component layout, taille, spacing and other details to avoid errors in the manufacturing process.

3. Make quality inspection: In the process of PCB manufacturing, quality inspection is very important. This includes random inspections of various stages of the manufacturing process to ensure that the PCB produced meets design requirements and quality control standards.

4. Perform factory testing: After the PCB manufacturing is completed, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive factory test. This includes electrical performance testing, appearance inspection and dimensional measurement to ensure the quality and reliability of PCB.

5. Use automation equipment: The use of automated equipment for PCB manufacturing and testing can reduce human errors and improve production efficiency, thereby ensuring product quality.

6. Strengthen communication and collaboration: Maintain close communication and collaboration with the manufacturer, timely solve the problems in the manufacturing process, and ensure that the quality of the product has been improved and improved in a timely manner.

7. Standards and specifications: Follow the relevant PCB manufacturing standards and specifications, such as IPC standards to ensure that the PCB created has good reliability and consistency.

What Are The Factors That Affect The Delivery Time Of Quick Turn PCB?

1. The complexity of PCB design. Many PCB manufacturers claim to provide the same day PCB, next day PCB, ou 24 hours PCB manufacturing services. But please don’t be deceived by the simple statements. The simple design of single-sided PCB or double-sided PCB can be delivered within 24 heures, while the turnaround time for more complex designs of carte PCB flexible and rigid-flex PCB takes 7-10 jours.

2. PCB materials. Different PCB types require different production materials, and not all PCB manufacturers have stocks of unique material. When ordering PCBs, it is necessary to consider the purchase time of PCB raw materials.

3. Difficulty factor of PCB process. We know that there are various holes on the PCB, such as plated through holes, trous aveugles, buried holes, etc.. Each blind hole and buried hole needs to use a drill or laser drilling, et forage, laminage, galvanoplastie, etc.. require additional time. HDI PCB takes more time.

4. The manufacturing capabilities of PCB manufacturers. You need to check your PCB manufacturers’ infrastructure to determine if they meet your fast turnaround time needs.

Some factors you need to consider are:

♦The size of the PCB manufacturing company;
♦Whether they have invested in advanced production equipment;
♦Whether they can control and influence material suppliers;
♦Whether they can purchase high-quality PCB raw materials;
♦Whether the PCB manufacturing company manufactures in-house or partially outsources;
♦Do they have professional PCB engineers;
♦Their logistics capabilities: logistics methods, relationships with logistics partners, etc.;

5. Tarifs

Please believe in the eternal truth: the cheapest is not necessarily the best. All PCB manufacturers have their characteristics and strengths in terms of quality, turnaround time, and price. We need to evaluate based on the comprehensive capabilities of the PCB manufacturer and the complexity of the PCB itself.

How to choose a Quick Turn PCB manufacturer?

When choosing a Quick Turn PCB manufacturer, you need to consider the following aspects:

➤Quality assurance: Tout d'abord, the quality assurance system of the manufacturer needs to be examined, whether it has passed the quality certification such as ISO 9001, and whether there is a strict quality control process.

➤Experience and professionalism: Choose manufacturers with rich experience and professional knowledge to better understand your needs and provide high -quality services.

➤Equipment and technology: Examine the equipment and technical level of manufacturers, including manufacturing equipment, technical technology, testing equipment, etc.. to ensure its ability to make fast and high -precision manufacturing.

➤Delivery time: Understanding the delivery time of the manufacturer can meet your emergency needs.

➤Price: Compared the price of different manufacturers, et en même temps, considering factors such as quality, delivery time, and the highest price -effective supplier.

➤Services and after -sales: Choose a manufacturer with good pre -sales and after -sales service, which can solve the problems of manufacturing and after -sales problems in a timely manner.

➤Cases and reference: View the cases and customer feedback of the manufacturer to understand their actual performance and reputation.

When choosing a fast PCB manufacturer, it is recommended to conduct field inspections to understand its actual production situation in order to make more accurate judgments. En même temps, you can refer to the recommendations and evaluations of the same industry in order to better choose a reliable manufacturer.

Choose LST technology as your PCB manufacturer

We are Chinese professional fast PCB manufacturers. We have the industry’s leading on time and effectively solve many urgent problems for customers.
With our manufacturing facilities, we can provide all types of industries with fast circuit board manufacturing services and fast PCB prototype solutions, including medical, transport, industrial applications, biens de consommation, aerospace and military.
Each online PCB order includes a comprehensive engineering review before the start of circuit board manufacturing, eliminating delay and quality problems.

How to choose the correct PCB manufacturer in China?

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Si vous recherchez un Fabricant de PCB, China is undoubtedly a very good choice. China is currently the world’s largest PCB production base. It has advanced production technology and low production costs, so many companies choose to assemble PCB in China. Bien sûr, China also has some small processing plants. Their strength is not so strong, and lacks certain competitiveness in high -end fields. Enterprises must also take comprehensive considerations when selecting PCB suppliers to ensure the smooth production plan.

We will focus on this article: how to choose the correct Fabricant de PCB en Chine, we will discuss quality control measures, industry experience and customer support, and provide research and potentially communicating with potential manufacturers. At the end of this article, you will better understand what you should find among reliable Fabrication de PCB partners, and how to find partners who meet your specific requirements.

Why choose China for your next PCB manufacturing project?

1.The country is emerging as a leading PCB manufacturing hub with an increasing global share of PCB output.

2.Almost all kinds of PCBs and various scales of manufacturing projects are efficiently dealt with in the country. Donc, no matter what type of PCB manufacturing requirement you have, China has a company that offers you exactly the same.

3.Chinese manufacturers possess unmatched technical expertise, advanced technology and precise equipment to eliminate chances of errors and defects in the final product.

4.Like most electric and electronic components, custom-designed PCBs are also available at affordable prices in China.

5.In China, PCB manufacturers usually depict a top-notch level of professionalism. They offer exceptional client handling and service support. This helps customers stay updated throughout the manufacturing process. Chinese manufacturers prioritise communication which further helps build trust and a strong partnership between the customer and the manufacturing company.

What should you do before looking for PCB manufacturers?

Before looking for PCB manufacturers, you should be clear about your needs, including the specifications, types and functions of the PCB board, while understanding the product’s budget, mass production requirements, and the required delivery time. De cette façon, you can choose the right manufacturer to cooperate.

Spécifiquement, you need to examine the professional level of the manufacturer, including the level of process, the degree of advancement of equipment and technology, and the operating efficiency of the production line. En même temps, paying attention to product quality, good manufacturers can not only meet the quality requirements, but also provide a longer warranty period. Considering the production capacity of the manufacturer, whether it can meet your production needs and ensure the timely delivery of orders. En outre, the price is also an important factor in choosing a manufacturer. It needs to evaluate whether the cost it costs costs cost -effective and whether it is in line with market price.

The factors that you need to consider when choosing a PCB manufacturing company

When choosing a PCB manufacturing company, you need to consider the following factors:

1. Production capacity: Ensure that the manufacturer has sufficient production capacity, can deliver orders on time and meet production needs.

2. Technical strength: Examine the technical strength of the manufacturer, including the technology, experience and equipment it own to ensure that it can provide high -quality products and solutions.

3. Contrôle de qualité: Understand the manufacturer’s quality management system and quality control process to ensure that it can provide stable and reliable product quality.

4. Dating period: Dating is an important factor in measurement of the production capacity and efficiency of PCB manufacturing companies. It is necessary to ensure that the manufacturer can deliver orders on time and meet production needs.

5. Service level: Examine the level of pre -sales, mid -sales, and after -sales service levels, including technical support, entretien, réparations, etc.. to ensure that it can solve customer problems in time and provide technical support.

6. Avantages en termes de coûts: Evaluate the price and delivery cycle of the manufacturer, whether it meets the budget and mass production requirements, and whether it can reduce the cost on the premise of ensuring the quality of the product.

7. Réputation: Understand the reputation and reputation of the manufacturer, including the rate of return of history and business, customer feedback information and evaluation rankings, etc., to ensure that it can ensure product quality and service level.

The way to find Chinese PCB manufacturers

Now you may want to know where and how to find the best company. À cette fin, you need to conduct thorough research and list the finalists according to the above list. To find your option:

1. Take a look at the Internet

2. Browse list platform/directory

3. Visit exhibitions, conferences and trade exhibitions

4. Recommended and recommended by colleagues or contacts in the industry

Communication with PCB Manufacturing Companies

Effective communication is key to establishing a successful partnership with a PCB manufacturing company in China. Here are two key aspects to consider when communicating with potential manufacturers:

▶Initial Contact
When reaching out to potential manufacturers, it’s important to prepare questions and information that will help you evaluate their capabilities and suitability for your project.

Ask about their quality control measures, industry experience, and customer support. Provide detailed information about your project requirements and ask if they have experience with similar projects.

Pay attention to how responsive the manufacturer is during initial contact. A prompt and thorough response is an indication of good customer service and a commitment to meeting your needs.

▶Follow-Up Communication
Once you’ve established contact with potential manufacturers, it’s important to maintain regular communication throughout the project.

Ask about their process for providing updates on progress and ensure that they assign a dedicated account manager to your project. Be prepared to provide feedback and ask questions as needed to ensure that the project stays on track.

Evaluate the manufacturer’s responsiveness and communication skills throughout the project. If issues arise, work with the manufacturer to find solutions and ensure that they remain committed to meeting your needs.

By maintaining open and effective communication with potential manufacturers, you can establish a strong partnership based on trust and shared goals.

China is the largest PCB manufacturing market. If you have PCB projects, you can definitely find a cost -effective production company in China. You can also contact us LSTPCB Manufacturing Company, we will quote you within 24 heures.

How to control the quality of pcb

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Printed circuit boards are an integral part of electronic devices and are the core component that controls the entire device. pcb is used in a variety of applications including consumer electronics, automobile, aérospatial, communications, medical devices and other industries.

Quality is the lifeblood of a product. pcb quality control processes, y compris l'inspection visuelle, functional testing and environmental testing. These processes are critical to detecting defects and ensuring that PCB assemblies function correctly and reliably.

In this article we will focus on the pcb component process, such as any control PCBA qualité, and emphasize the importance of quality control for the product. The details are as follows:

Basic Principles of Quality Control

Normes IPC
The IPC (Institute of Printed Circuits) sets industry standards for Conception de PCB, assemblée, et tests. IPC standards help businesses to maintain consistency and reliability in the final product.

Production Process Control
Production process control involves monitoring and controlling the entire production process to prevent defects and ensure consistency in the final product. This includes maintaining the temperature, humidité, and other environmental factors that may affect the quality of the final product.

Tests et inspection
Testing and inspection are critical aspects of Assemblage PCB contrôle de qualité. They involve using various methods such as automated optical inspection (AOI), Inspection aux rayons X, and functional testing to detect and correct any issues that may arise during the assembly process.

PCB assembly quality control is a vital process that ensures that the final product meets the required performance standards and reliability. By implementing basic principles of quality control such as IPC standards, production process control, essai, et inspection, businesses can prevent defects and ensure consistency in the final product.

The importance of PCB quality control

The importance of PCB quality control is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Ensure product performance: PCB is the core component of electronic equipment, its quality directly affects the performance of the entire product. Through strict quality control, you can ensure the quality of Fabrication de PCB processus, matériels, couches, layout and wiring and other aspects of the quality, so as to ensure stable and reliable product performance.

2. Improve production efficiency: In the PCB production process, if there is a quality problem, it may lead to low production efficiency, or even need to rework or rework. Through quality control, we can find and solve the problem in time, avoid waste and delay in the production process, and improve production efficiency.

3. Reduce costs: PCB quality problems may lead to product damage, return or repair, etc., which will increase the cost of the enterprise. Through quality control, we can reduce the occurrence of these problems, thus reducing the cost of the enterprise.

4. Enhance corporate image: a strict quality control system can enhance the image and reputation of the enterprise, so that customers more trust and recognition of the enterprise’s products and services.

How to control the quality of pcb

D'abord, the design stage: optimize PCB layout and circuitry

In order to improve the performance and quality of the PCB board, the design phase is crucial. Designers need to give full consideration to circuit layout, component selection and thermal management. In circuit design, factors such as electrical performance, signal integrity and electromagnetic compatibility should be given full attention. En même temps, the use of PCB design software, comme Altium Designer, Eagle, etc., can effectively reduce design errors, optimize the layout and improve design efficiency.

Deuxième, the choice of materials: the selection of high-quality substrates and copper foils

The performance and quality of the PCB board depends largely on the materials used. In the manufacturing process, the selection of high-quality substrates and copper foil is critical. High-quality base materials can ensure the thermal performance and mechanical strength of the PCB, thus improving the reliability of the product. En outre, the selection of high-purity copper foil can improve conductivity, reduce resistance and improve circuit performance.

Troisième, the production process: strict control of process parameters

PCB production process process parameters to ensure the quality and performance of the PCB board is critical. These parameters include: copper sinking, gravure, forage, placage, screen printing, hot air leveling, etc.. Through strict control of these parameters, you can ensure that the size of the PCB board, largeur de ligne, ouverture, etc.. to meet the design requirements, improve product reliability and performance.

Quatrième, detection and testing: to ensure that products meet quality standards

For PCB board manufacturers, comprehensive inspection and testing of PCB boards produced is the key to ensure quality and performance. This includes visual inspection, inspection optique automatique (AOI), Inspection aux rayons X, electrical testing and so on. Through these inspection and testing methods, problems in the production process can be effectively identified and eliminated to ensure that the product meets the design and quality standards.

Fifth. Quality management system: continuous terminal quality control and continuous improvement

To ensure the quality and performance of PCB boards, manufacturers should establish a comprehensive quality management system. Through the implementation of ISO 9001, ISO 14001, IATF 16949 and other international quality certification, not only to ensure that the company’s production processes and quality control system in line with international standards, but also to continuously improve and optimize the production process to improve product quality and performance. En même temps, regular training of employees to improve their skills and quality awareness is an important part of ensuring the quality and performance of PCB boards.

Sixth, environmental considerations: the implementation of green production strategy

In order to ensure the quality and performance of PCB boards at the same time, manufacturers should also pay attention to environmental protection, the implementation of green production strategies. This includes optimizing the production process, reduce waste and emissions of hazardous substances, the use of environmentally friendly materials, as well as the promotion of lead-free and halogen-free technologies. By implementing green production strategies, manufacturers can improve the environmental performance of their products while enhancing their corporate image and competitiveness.

Nine major quality problems and solutions of the PCB board

n the entire production process of the PCB circuit board, there are many quality control points. If it is not rigorous, the quality problem of the PCB line board is endless. This is also a headache, because there is only one of them, so big, so big, so big Most devices are not available. Suivant, introduce the 9 major quality problems and solutions of the PCB board.

1. [Couches]

Stratification is the difficulty of the boss of PCB, ranking first in common problems. The cause of it may be roughly as follows:
(1) Improper packaging or preservation, humidité;
(2) The preservation time is too long, exceeding the preservation period, and the PCB board is tide;
(3) Supplier’s materials or process issues;
(4) Design materials and copper surfaces are not well distributed.

2. [Poor weld]
Weldability is also one of the more serious issues, especially batch problems. The possible cause is plate surface pollution, oxidation, black nickel, nickel thick abnormalities, anti -welding SCUM (shadow), too long storage time, moisture absorption, PAD on the anti -welding, too thick (repair). The pollution and hygroscopic problems are relatively easy to solve, and other problems are more troublesome, and there is no way to find it through feeding inspection. À ce moment-là, it is necessary to pay attention to the process capacity and quality control plan of the PCB board factory. For anti -welding PAD and poor repairs, you need to understand the standards of PCB suppliers on the formulation of maintenance. Inspectors and inspectors have a good assessment system, et en même temps, it is clear that the dense area of the pads cannot be repaired.

3. [Board bending plates]
The reasons that may cause the plate bending plates are: supplier selection problems, abnormal production processes, poor control of heavy labor, improper transportation or storage, not strong enough design of the broken hole, and the differences in copper area of each layer are too large. In the last 2 points, the design of the design needs to be avoided in the early stage. En même temps, the PCB factory simulation stickers IR conditions can be required to test, so as not to occur in the back of the furnace. For some thin plates, you can need to add a wooden slurry plate to the packets when the packaging is used to avoid subsequent deformation. En même temps, add a fixture to prevent the device from overweighting the curved plate.

4, [scrape, dew copper]
Scratches and bronze are the defects that test the management system and execution of the PCB plant. This problem is not serious, but it will indeed bring quality concerns. Many PCB companies will say that this problem is difficult to improve. The author once promoted the improvement of scratches of many PCB factories, and found that many times it is not that it is not good, but whether to change it or not to change it. All PCB factories that seriously promote the project have improved significantly.

5. [Poor impedance]
Impedance is an important indicator of the radio frequency performance of the mobile phone board. En général, the common problem is that the impedance differences between the PCB batches are relatively large. Since the current impedance test bar is generally on the side of the PCB, it will not ship with the board, so the supplier can pay the batch of impedance strips and test reports for each time they ship. Comparison data of the edge line diameter and the inner line diameter.

6. [BGA welding empty hole]
BGA welded cavities may cause poor main chip function, and may not be found in the test that hidden risks are high. So many patch factories now have X-Ray for inspection after the part. The cause of this kind of bad may occur is the residual liquid or impurities in the PCB hole, vaporization after high temperature, or poor laser hole type on the BGA pad. Donc, many HDI boards now require electroplating pores or half -filled holes to avoid this problem.

7. [Foam/Show off for anti -welding]
Such problems are usually abnormal in the control of the PCB welding process, or the use of anti -welding ink is not suitable (cheap goods, non -chemical inks, not suitable for installing welded welds), or may be too high in patch and heavy work. To prevent batch problems, PCB suppliers need to formulate corresponding reliability test requirements and control them at different stages.

8. 【Poor Confucius】
Poor holes are mainly caused by insufficient technical capabilities of the PCB plant or simplified technology. Its manifestations are not full of plug holes. It may cause insufficient welding volume, short circuit with patch or assembly devices, and residual impurities in the hole. This problem can be found in the appearance inspection, so it can be controlled by the feeding inspection and requires the PCB plant to improve.

9. [Poor size]
There are many possible reasons for the poor size. It is easy to shrink in the PCB production process. Suppliers have adjusted the drilling program / graphics ratio / molding CNC program, which may cause problems such as biased bias and poor structural parts. Because it is difficult to check such problems, it can only be controlled by the supplier’s good process, so special attention needs to be paid to it when choosing the supplier.

Emphasizing quality control in PCB assembly is critical to improving product quality, reducing costs and protecting intellectual property. Donc, we encourage our customers to select suppliers with strong quality control systems to ensure the reliability of their products.

Chez LST, we understand the importance of quality control in Assemblage PCB and are committed to providing our customers with high quality products. With our extensive experience in the field and state-of-the-art equipment, we can produce PCBs that meet the highest industry standards.

The working principle and application of Wireless charging

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Charging mobile terminal devices is a necessary thing, and the most common charging method is to use a charger with a cable. But yes, with the rapid development of science and technology, wireless charging method has become the choice of more and more people. Wireless charging is convenient and quick, as long as the phone is elegantly placed on top of a small, coaster-like thing, without the need to connect the wire can be easily charged. Today we will focus on wireless charging.

What is wireless charging?

Wireless charging is actually using the principle of electromagnetic induction to generate a changing magnetic field in a changing electric field, and the changing magnetic field is generating a changing electric field in the receiving coil of the cell phone to charge the cell phone, which can be regarded as a separate transformer, putting the coil of the transmitter and the coil of the receiver into two separate devices, and when the power is fed into the coil of the transmitter, it will generate a magnetic field, which will detect the coil of the receiver and generate an electric current. bobine, generating an electric current, and thus we have created a radio transmission system.

There are three main types of wireless charging technology:

1, electromagnetic induction type: the primary coil of a certain frequency of alternating current, through electromagnetic induction in the secondary coil to produce a certain current, so as to transfer the energy from the transmitting end to the receiving end.

2, magnetic field resonance: by the energy transmitting device, and energy receiving device, when the two devices adjusted to the same frequency, or resonate at a specific frequency, they can exchange each other’s energy.

3, radio wave type: microwave transmitting device and microwave receiving device consists of microwave, can be captured from the wall bounced back to the radio wave energy, with the load to make adjustments at the same time to maintain a stable DC voltage.

Advantages of wireless charging

1. Convenience: wireless charging technology eliminates the need for traditional charging cables, users do not need to plug and unplug the cable, just put the phone and other devices on the charging mat, which greatly improves the user’s convenience.

2. Environmental protection: wireless charging process does not involve plugging and unplugging action, thus reducing the wear and tear of the charging interface, thus extending the service life of the device. En même temps, this also reduces the generation of waste, which is conducive to environmental protection.

3. Safety: Wireless charging technology has no physical contact during the charging process, thus avoiding safety problems caused by poor contact or overcharging.

4. Universality: Wireless charging technology adopts a standardized scheme, so that devices of different brands and models can use the same wireless charging device as long as they support the same standard.

5. High efficiency: wireless charging technology adopts high efficiency charging mode, which can quickly provide power for devices and improve charging efficiency.

6. Energy-saving: Wireless charging technology adopts energy-saving technology, which can reduce energy consumption while ensuring charging efficiency.

7. Wide applicability: Wireless charging technology can be used not only for mobile devices such as cell phones, but also for transportation such as electric cars, electric bicycles and other devices that need to be charged.

8. Réduction des coûts: wireless charging technology can reduce the manufacturing cost and maintenance cost of charging equipment, improve the reliability and service life of the equipment.

9. Efficient management: wireless charging technology can realize remote monitoring and management, which is convenient for users to manage and maintain the charging equipment.

Application Scenarios of Wireless Charging

1. Mobile device charging: The initial application of wireless charging technology is to charge mobile devices, such as smartphones, tablets and so on. Users only need to put the mobile device on the wireless charging mat, no need to plug and unplug the cable, you can charge the device.

2. Electric vehicle charging: Electric vehicles are an important application area for wireless charging technology. Some electric cars have been equipped with wireless charging devices, users only need to park the vehicle on the wireless charging mat, the vehicle can be automatically charged.

3. Maison intelligente: wireless charging technology can be applied in the field of smart home, such as smart speakers, smart lights and so on. Users only need to put the smart device on the wireless charging mat, it can provide power for the device.

4. Dispositifs médicaux: Wireless charging technology can also be applied to the field of medical devices, such as wireless medical sensors, wireless medical monitoring devices. These devices can be placed in or near the human body to provide power to the device through wireless charging technology.

5. Industrial applications: wireless charging technology can also be used in the industrial field, such as wireless sensors, wireless remote control devices. These devices can work in harsh environments and provide power to the devices through wireless charging technology.

Quelle est la valeur TG du PCB et comment choisir?

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It is well known that the base material polymer or glass) is changing from a glassy, solid, rigid state to a rubbery state when the temperature rises to a certain region, so the temperature at this point is called the glass transition temperature (Tg). Autrement dit, Tg is the mechanical property that specifies the glass transition temperature, C'est-à-dire, the maximum temperature at which the glass remains rigid.

TG in PCB boards means temperature resistance. the higher the Tg point, the higher the temperature requirement when pressing the board, the harder and more brittle the board will be, which will affect the quality of the mechanically drilled holes to a certain extent in the subsequent process.

PCB board TG value classification

Common board TG value can be roughly divided into three major categories:

TG130: general TG value of the board, temperature resistance of about 140 ℃, common such TG value of the board is Sheng Yi S1141 and Kingboard KB-6164F

TG150: Medium TG value plate, temperature resistance 150℃~170℃, common such TG value plate is SangYi S1141 150 and Kingboard KB-6165F.

TG170: Higher TG value boards, temperature resistance above 170℃, common such TG value boards are SangYi S1170 and Kingboard KB-6167F, the cost of higher TG value boards is also relatively high.

How to choose pcb with different TG values?

PCBs with different TG (glass transition temperature) have their own advantages and application scenarios, which one is the best to choose depends on the specific application needs. The following are some common TG PCBs and their characteristics.
1.FR-4(TG 130°C-180°C):FR-4 is one of the most common and widely used TG PCB circuit board materials. It has good mechanical strength, electrical properties and heat resistance.FR-4 is suitable for most general applications of electronic equipment and is relatively low cost.

2. High TG PCB ( TG 150°C-200°C):High TG PCBs have a higher glass transition temperature than regular FR-4, providing better stability and reliability in high temperature environments. They are suitable for applications that require operation in high temperature environments, such as automotive electronics, industrial controls and aerospace.

3. High Frequency TG PCBs: High Frequency TG PCBs are designed for high frequency signal transmission with excellent impedance control and signal integrity. These boards are typically made of low dielectric constant and low loss materials to ensure optimal signal transmission.

4. Metal Substrates:Metal Substrates are a special type of TG PCB that has a layer of metal (généralement en aluminium ou en cuivre) covering the substrate for heat dissipation and conductivity. Metal substrates are suitable for high power applications, LED lighting and power electronics where good thermal performance is required.

The best choice of TG PCB depends on your application needs, such as operating environment, signal requirements, temperature requirements, cost constraints, etc..

Les caractéristiques de base et les perspectives de développement du matériau PCB FR4

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La résine époxy en verre FR4 est actuellement le substrat le plus utilisé sur le marché des PCB. plus que 80% du PCB est fabriqué avec FR4, Qu'est-ce que FR4, Quelles sont ses caractéristiques, Cet article se concentrera sur vous donner une introduction.

FR4 est un tableau de revêtement en cuivre en résine époxy en fibre de verre en verre, il est basé sur le chlorite, sable de quartz, calcaire, dolomie, pierre de calcium de bore, Boron Magnésium pierre six types de minéraux comme matières premières par fusion à haute température, dessin, enroulement, tissage et autres processus fabriqués. Le diamètre de son monofilament pour quelques microns à plus de deux douzaines de microns, équivalent à une brin de cheveux de 1/20 ~ 1/5, Chaque tas de soie brute en fibre est composée de centaines ou même de milliers de monofilaments.
Le préfixe FR fait référence à l'évaluation inflammabilité du système de résine utilisé dans les composites laminés qui composent le substrat d'une carte de circuit imprimé. L'ajout de composés de brome à la résine produit des propriétés issues de la flamme qui sont auto-extinguées et combustibles.

FR4 Caractéristiques de base

● Force de flexion laminaire verticale A: normale: E-1/150, 150± 5 ℃ ≥340MPA

● Force d'impact laminaire parallèle (Méthode de faisceau simplement prise en charge): ≥ 230kj / m

● Résistance à l'isolation après immersion à l'eau (D-24/23): ≥5,0 × 108Ω

● Résistance électrique laminaire verticale (Dans 90 ± 2 ℃ d'huile de transformateur, épaisseur de plaque 1 mm): ≥14,2 mV / m

● Couche parallèle à la tension de panne (dans 90 ± 2 ℃ Huile de transformateur): ≥ 40kV

● constante diélectrique relative (50HZ): ≤5,5

● constante diélectrique relative (1MHz): ≤5,5

● Facteur de perte diélectrique (50HZ): ≤0,04

● Facteur de perte diélectrique (1MHz): ≤0,04

● Absorption d'eau (D-24/23, épaisseur de plaque 1,6 mm): ≤ 19 mg

● densité: 1.70-1.90g / cm³.

● Inflammabilité: Fv0

Quelles sont les propriétés des substrats FR4?

Ignifuge

Les produits chimiques utilisés sur les matériaux pour prévenir ou retarder la propagation du feu sont appelés retardateurs de flamme., Propriétés mécaniques et électriques, Les rendre parfaits pour une large gamme d'applications électroniques. Les stratifiés et les préreg des flammes sont très polyvalents, Convient pour une variété de procédures de fabrication et produisent des résultats prévisibles.

Bonnes propriétés électriques

Les propriétés électriques des matériaux PCB sont essentielles pour signaler l'intégrité et les considérations d'impédance. Ils déterminent la rapidité avec laquelle un signal électrique peut se propager à travers le matériau et la quantité de charge qu'elle peut conserver dans un volume donné.

Faible absorption d'humidité

L'absorption de l'humidité est la capacité d'un matériau PCB à résister à l'absorption d'eau lorsqu'il est immergé dans l'eau. Il est donné par le pourcentage d'augmentation du poids du matériau de la carte de circuit imprimé en raison de l'absorption d'eau dans des conditions contrôlées. 0.10% après 24 heures d'immersion dans l'eau.

Limites des matériaux de la carte de circuit imprimé FR4

FR4 est utilisé dans les cartes de circuits imprimées depuis de nombreuses années. Il est peu coûteux et fournit une isolation électrique adéquate. Cependant, Lorsque FR4 est utilisé dans des applications à grande vitesse, Les problèmes suivants peuvent se produire:

Stabilité de l'isolation
Bien que FR4 soit un bon isolant, Il a ses limites lorsqu'il est soumis à une puissance élevée, haute tension ou chaleur élevée. Si certaines limites sont dépassées, Les propriétés isolantes du matériau se détérioreront et ils commenceront à conduire l'électricité. Cela peut conduire à une défaillance du conseil.

Impédance contrôlée
FR4 ne fournit pas de constante diélectrique uniforme comme les matériaux de la carte de circuit imprimé à grande vitesse. À mesure que la fréquence augmente, DK change. Tandis que les matériaux à grande vitesse ont une tolérance constante diélectrique à moins que 2%, FR4 a une tolérance à 10%. Le changement de DK dans FR4 pose un défi tout en maintenant la valeur d'impédance. Donc, Ce matériau n'est pas un choix préféré pour contrôler les tableaux d'impédance.

Perte de signalisation
La perte de signal est un aspect important de Conception de PCB, surtout dans les applications à haute fréquence.FR4 n'est pas le meilleur matériel pour ces applications car il a un DF plus grand (facteur de dissipation) que les matériaux à haute fréquence.

Classification des performances FR4

F4 standard
Le verre époxy de grade électrique F4 de base fournit le plus économique, Substrat à usage général pour l'électronique grand public et les cartes de circuits imprimées sans repousser les limites de fréquence extrêmes.

F4 haute fréquence
Des corps multiglages comme les valeurs diélectriques de contrôle RF-35 ci-dessous +/-0.05 à travers la région micro-ondes. Ces matériaux à faible perte étroitement alignés deviennent essentiels à l'intégrité du dispositif RF.

F4 à haute température
Par la modification de la résine ou les mélanges bismaleimide-triazine, Certaines formulations FF4 résistent à des températures supérieures à 230 ° C pour répondre aux besoins de l'équipement électronique aérospatial et automobile.

F4 très fiable
Isola's “HEURE” La famille et les stratifiés de la famille Allen 85N utilisent une teneur élevée en résine et un tissage en verre pour perforer les trous dans les multicouches et sont élastiquement rigides conçues pour résister à la propagation des fissures.

Perspectives de développement du stratifié cuivré FR-4

Le stratifié cuivré FR-4 est le matériau de base des cartes de circuits imprimés, qui est largement utilisé en électronique, communications, ordinateur, automobile, aérospatiale et autres domaines. Avec le développement de la 5G, Internet des objets, fabrication intelligente et autres industries émergentes, Les stratifiés FR-4 ont des perspectives de marché très larges.

Tout d'abord, le développement de la 5G favorisera la demande de stratifiés FR-4, 5La technologie de communication G nécessite des performances de transmission haute fréquence supérieures, les performances des stratifiés FR-4 doivent donc également être améliorées. Par exemple, la constante diélectrique de la feuille doit être augmentée et la perte diélectrique de la feuille doit être réduite. En outre, la miniaturisation et la légèreté des équipements 5G imposent également des exigences plus élevées en matière de performances des cartes FR-4, comme la nécessité d'optimiser l'épaisseur de la planche. Donc, avec le développement rapide de la 5G à l’avenir, Perspectives de croissance de la demande du marché des panneaux de revêtement en cuivre FR-4.

Deuxièmement, l'application généralisée de l'Internet des objets (IoT) stimulera également la croissance de la demande du marché des stratifiés cuivrés FR-4. L'Internet des objets nécessite des indicateurs de performance plus élevés (comme la transmission haute fréquence, transmission à grande vitesse, etc.), en plus de la miniaturisation de l'Internet des objets, les équipements terminaux nécessitent des cartes de revêtement en cuivre FR-4 plus fines et plus légères, ce qui favorisera la demande du marché des panneaux de revêtement FR-4 continue d'augmenter.

Encore, le développement rapide de la fabrication intelligente aura un impact positif sur la demande du marché du stratifié FR-4. La fabrication intelligente est devenue une stratégie nationale, la transformation et la modernisation de l'industrie manufacturière nécessitent des équipements plus intelligents. Ces appareils nécessitent une transmission à grande vitesse de transmission haute fréquence et d'autres indicateurs de performance tels que des panneaux de revêtement en cuivre FR-4 rigoureux., la demande du marché continuera également à augmenter.

FR4 a été largement utilisé dans les équipements électroniques pour sa haute fiabilité, bonne aptitude au traitement, résistance à la chaleur et excellentes propriétés électriques. Sa constante diélectrique et sa tangente d'angle de perte diélectrique ainsi que d'autres paramètres de performances électriques sont contrôlés avec une haute précision., ce qui peut assurer une transmission stable du signal. En outre, La feuille FR4 a une bonne stabilité thermique et peut rester stable dans des environnements à haute température, ce qui le rend adapté aux applications dans diverses conditions environnementales. Donc, FR4PCB est un excellent matériau électronique, offrant une forte garantie pour les performances et la fiabilité des équipements électroniques.

Fonction et application du contrôleur de charge solaire

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Le contrôleur de charge solaire est utilisé dans le système de production d'énergie solaire. Il contrôle l'équipement de contrôle automatique de la matrice carrée de cellules solaires multidirectionnelles pour le chargement de la batterie et la batterie pour l'onduleur solaire.. Il précise et contrôle les conditions de charge et de décharge de la batterie, et contrôle la production d'énergie électrique de la charge et de la batterie vers la charge en fonction des besoins d'alimentation électrique de la charge. C'est la partie centrale de contrôle de l'ensemble du système d'alimentation photovoltaïque..

Type de contrôleur de charge solaire

1. Contrôleur solaire ordinaire: C'est la première génération de technologie. Le principe de fonctionnement est d'accrocher directement la sortie du panneau solaire au port de la batterie. Quand la batterie est suffisante, il est déconnecté. En raison de la résistance interne de la batterie, il est difficile de remplir la batterie, et le panneau solaire n'est pas entièrement utilisé. L'efficacité du suivi MPPT est seulement 70 ~ 76%, qui a été éliminé par le marché, et il est essentiellement utilisé.

2.Contrôleur solaire PWM: C'est la technologie de deuxième génération. Maintenant, le marché est le plus. La méthode de travail consiste à utiliser la méthode de contrôle PWM. Comparé au contrôleur solaire ordinaire, ça s'est beaucoup amélioré. Cela peut résoudre le problème de l'insatisfaction de la batterie. Efficacité du suivi MPPT C'est 75 ~ 80%, mais les panneaux solaires ne sont pas pleinement utilisés.

3.Contrôleur solaire Mppt: MPPT est l'abréviation de suivi du point de puissance maximale. Le contrôleur de charge MPPT ajuste la tension et le courant de charge de la batterie en suivant le point maximum de la puissance de sortie du panneau solaire., réalisant ainsi le contrôle de charge de la batterie. C'est efficace et intelligent. , Fonctionnalités précises.

Caractéristiques du contrôleur de charge solaire

Les contrôleurs de charge solaire sont dotés d'une variété de caractéristiques et de fonctions pour améliorer les performances et la protection du système d'énergie solaire.. Voici quelques fonctionnalités clés que vous pourriez trouver dans ces contrôleurs:

Compensation de la température de la batterie

La compensation de température de la batterie est une fonctionnalité essentielle qui ajuste les paramètres de charge en fonction de la température ambiante.. Cela permet d'éviter la surcharge à des températures élevées et garantit une charge adéquate par temps froid., prolonger la durée de vie de la batterie.

Protection contre les surcharges et les courts-circuits

La plupart des contrôleurs de charge solaire incluent des mécanismes de protection intégrés pour protéger le système contre les surcharges et les courts-circuits.. Ces dispositifs de sécurité évitent d'endommager le contrôleur, batterie, et appareils connectés.

Écran LED/LCD

De nombreux contrôleurs de charge modernes sont équipés d'écrans LED ou LCD qui fournissent des informations en temps réel sur les performances du système.. Les utilisateurs peuvent surveiller la tension de la batterie, courant de charge, et d'autres données pertinentes en un coup d'oeil.

Ports USB

Certains contrôleurs de charge sont équipés de ports USB, permettant aux utilisateurs de charger de petits appareils électroniques directement à partir du système solaire. Cette fonctionnalité peut être inestimable lors de pannes de courant ou hors réseau et dans des endroits éloignés..

Communication et enregistrement des données

Les contrôleurs de charge avancés peuvent être connectés à un ordinateur ou un smartphone pour une surveillance à distance et un enregistrement des données.. Cela permet aux utilisateurs de suivre les performances du système au fil du temps et de procéder aux ajustements nécessaires..

Fonction du contrôleur de charge solaire

Les principales fonctions du contrôleur de charge solaire comprennent:

1. Fonction de réglage de la puissance: Grâce à la technologie MPPT, contrôler la puissance de sortie des panneaux solaires pour ajuster la tension et le courant de charge de la batterie.

2. Fonction de communication: Les contrôleurs de charge solaire peuvent échanger des données via des interfaces de communication avec d'autres appareils (tels que les systèmes de gestion de batterie, charger des piles, etc.) pour réaliser une surveillance et un contrôle à distance.

3. Fonction de protection: Le contrôleur de charge solaire a une fonction de protection complète, ce qui peut protéger la batterie contre la surcharge et la libération, prolonger la durée de vie de la batterie, empêcher le carré de la batterie solaire, la puissance de la batterie, et empêcher la charge et le contrôleur et d'autres autres. Court-circuit interne de l'appareil.

4. Fonction d'auto-vérification: Lorsque le contrôleur est affecté par des facteurs naturels ou un fonctionnement artificiel, cela peut permettre au contrôleur de s'auto-vérifier, faites savoir aux gens si le contrôleur est intact, et réduit de nombreuses heures de travail inutiles.

5. Fonction d'intervalle de restauration: Il s'agit d'un intervalle de récupération créé par une protection contre les surcharges ou les chevauchements pour éviter la gigue de travail de la charge causée par la résistance du fil ou les caractéristiques d'auto-récupération des batteries..

6. Fonction de compensation de température: surveiller la température de la batterie, modifier la recharge et laisser la batterie fonctionner dans un état idéal.

7. Fonction de contrôle optique: Principalement utilisé pour les lampes automatiques. Quand l'environnement est suffisamment lumineux, le contrôleur éteindra automatiquement la sortie de charge; et la charge sera automatiquement allumée une fois que l'environnement est sombre pour réaliser la fonction de contrôle automatique.

Application du contrôleur de charge solaire

Les contrôleurs de charge solaire sont un composant essentiel dans diverses applications d'énergie solaire. Voici quelques-unes des principales utilisations de ces contrôleurs:

Systèmes solaires hors réseau

Systèmes solaires hors réseau, qui ne sont pas connectés au réseau électrique public, s'appuyer sur des contrôleurs de charge solaire pour réguler la charge et la décharge des batteries. Cela garantit une alimentation électrique stable même lorsque le soleil ne brille pas.

Systèmes solaires connectés au réseau avec batterie de secours

Les systèmes solaires reliés au réseau avec batterie de secours utilisent des contrôleurs de charge pour gérer le composant de stockage de la batterie. Ces systèmes peuvent stocker l'énergie excédentaire générée pendant la journée et l'utiliser pendant les pannes de réseau ou pendant les périodes de pointe pour réduire les coûts d'électricité..

Éclairage public solaire

Les contrôleurs de charge solaire sont utilisés dans les systèmes d'éclairage public solaire pour gérer le flux d'énergie entre les panneaux solaires., piles, et lumières LED. Ils garantissent une utilisation efficace de l'énergie et contribuent à prolonger la durée de vie des batteries..

Surveillance à distance et télémétrie

Les contrôleurs de charge solaire sont également utilisés dans les systèmes de surveillance et de télémétrie à distance., comme ceux utilisés dans les stations météorologiques, équipement de communication, et enregistreurs de données. Ces contrôleurs permettent une alimentation électrique fiable dans les endroits éloignés.

Le rôle des contrôleurs de charge solaire dans le domaine des nouvelles énergies

Le rôle des contrôleurs de charge solaire dans le domaine des nouvelles énergies est très critique. En tant qu'élément important du système de production d'énergie solaire photovoltaïque, le contrôleur de charge solaire est chargé de contrôler efficacement l'énergie électrique générée par le panneau solaire pour garantir que le processus de charge et de décharge de la batterie est sûr et fiable. Il surveille la tension et le courant de la batterie pour obtenir une gestion intelligente du processus de charge. Lorsque la batterie est complètement chargée, le contrôleur coupera automatiquement la charge pour éviter la surcharge; quand la batterie est insuffisante, le contrôleur coupera automatiquement la charge pour éviter tout dépassement. Cela peut non seulement protéger les batteries contre les dommages causés par une charge et une décharge excessives., mais aussi améliorer l'efficacité de l'utilisation de l'électricité.

En outre, le contrôleur de charge solaire peut également atteindre un suivi maximal du point de puissance (MPPT) fonction, de sorte que le panneau solaire soit toujours produit à la puissance maximale pour améliorer l'efficacité de la charge. Cela permet de réduire les pertes d’énergie et d’améliorer l’efficacité globale du système.

Dans le domaine des nouvelles énergies, les contrôleurs de charge solaire sont largement utilisés dans les scénarios et autres scénarios de systèmes de production d'énergie de séparation, systèmes de production d'électricité connectés au réseau, et bornes de recharge pour véhicules électriques. Dans ces scénarios, les contrôleurs de charge solaire peuvent non seulement fournir un contrôle de charge sûr et fiable pour les batteries, mais fournit également une alimentation stable pour les charges. Cela fait de l’énergie solaire une source d’énergie fiable et durable, et a apporté des contributions positives au développement de l'énergie verte et à la réduction des émissions de carbone.

Il convient de noter qu'avec le développement continu de nouvelles technologies énergétiques, les performances et les fonctions des contrôleurs de charge solaire sont constamment mises à niveau et améliorées. À l'avenir, avec le développement ultérieur du nouveau domaine énergétique, les contrôleurs de charge solaire seront appliqués dans un plus large éventail de domaines, contribuer davantage à la promotion de la transformation de la structure énergétique mondiale et à la réalisation du développement durable.

Guide de soudure SMD: Partage technologique

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SMD (Dispositif de montage de surface) est une méthode d'emballage pour les composants électroniques qui utilise la technologie de montage de surface pour souder des composants électroniques à la surface d'une carte de circuit imprimé. Ce type d'emballage est caractérisé par une petite taille, poids léger, économie de matériaux, haute fiabilité et performances puissantes..

Outils de soudure SMD

Le soudage du dispositif de montage de surface nécessite des outils spécialisés afin de gérer de minuscules composants et de fabriquer des joints de soudure de précision. Voici quelques-uns des éléments essentiels dont vous aurez besoin:

Iron à souder - Un fer à souder à pointe fine dans la gamme de puissance 15-30W est idéal pour le travail SMD. Des conseils aussi petits que 0,5 mm peuvent être utilisés. Les caractéristiques de contrôle de la température aident à éviter la surchauffe.

Pâte de soudure - la pâte de soudure se compose d'un mélange d'alliage de soudure en poudre et de crème de flux. Il permet à la soudure d'être appliquée avec précision aux coussinets SMD avant que les composants ne soient placés.

Microscope - Un microscope stéréo ou des lunettes de grossissement est indispensable pour inspecter les petits joints de soudure et le placement des composants. Un microscope avec un grossissement de 20x à 40x est typique.

Tiptes - Les pincettes à pointe fine permettent une manipulation et un placement précis des composants SMD aussi petits que 0201 ou 01005 tailles (0.25mm x 0,125 mm). Les pincettes antistatiques sont préférées.

Souder les mains d'aide - les outils d'aide aux lentilles grossistes permettent le positionnement mains libres de PCB au microscope pendant le soudure.

Les pochoirs au pochoir - PCB sont des feuilles de métal fines coupes laser avec un motif d'ouvertures correspondant à la disposition du pavé de soudure du PCB. Pour appliquer la pâte de soudure, Le pochoir est aligné sur le PCB et la pâte est projetée sur les coussinets à travers les ouvertures du pochoir. L'utilisation d'un pochoir permet une application de pâte de soudure précise et efficace avant le placement des composants SMD.

Gabarits - Les gabarits aident les planches à positionner à un angle qui améliore la visibilité et l'accès aux joints de soudure sous des composants pendant le soudage à la main.

Outils de suceur / désolager - des outils à vide spécialisés sont utilisés pour supprimer ou retravailler.

Étapes de montage de surface

▶ Montage du substrat: Corrigez le substrat sur le comptoir.

▶ Point de pâte ou colle: Selon la taille des composants, L'adhésif SMD enduit en position prédéterminée, Si le processus d'assemblage utilisant le soudage de reflux, Il est nécessaire d'appliquer la pâte dans les pads de substrat, le courant couramment utilisé dans la pâte de soudure SN-AG de niveau moyen-élevé.

▶ Montage de SMD: En général, Mounter professionnel automatisé est utilisé, qui comprend principalement: aspiration et chargement de la tête pour cueillir et placer SMD, Table de travail X-Y, Système de contrôle du programme et partie d'alimentation.

▶ durcissement thermique: réalisé après la distribution, SMD, sous une certaine température, Contrôle du temps à travers le four de durcissement pour faire le durcissement adhésif. Le four de durcissement est contrôlé par une certaine température et le temps pour améliorer la résistance adhésive du SMD, et pour éviter que les composants soient décalés par les vibrations et les chocs pendant le stockage et le transport.

▶ SMD Souderie: Soudure d'onde avec la liaison adhésive SMD et le soudage de reflux avec une liaison de pâte de soudure sont utilisés.

▶ Nettoyage: Retirer l'adhésif résiduel pour éviter la corrosion du substrat.

▶ Inspection et tests: La soudabilité est inspectée en fonction des normes et des exigences de test.

Le soudage SMD doit faire attention aux points suivants:

1. Gardez la pointe en fer à souder propre pour éviter d'oxyder ou de tacher sa surface avec des impuretés, qui peut entraver la conduction thermique entre la pointe et les pièces soudées.

2. Avant la soudure, La pâte de soudure doit être appliquée uniformément aux coussinets du PCB, et assurez-vous que la quantité de pâte de soudure appliquée est appropriée.

3. Les composants doivent être placés avec précision sur le PCB pour éviter le désalignement ou l'inclinaison.

4. La température du four de reflux doit être strictement contrôlée pour garantir que la pâte de soudure fond et se solidifie au moment et à la position.

5. Le temps de soudage doit être correctement ajusté pour garantir la qualité de la soudure.

6. La pression de soudage doit être correctement ajustée pour garantir la densité et la résistance de la soudure.

7. Les paramètres du processus de soudage de reflux doivent être strictement contrôlés, y compris la température, temps et pression de la zone de préchauffage, zone de chaleur uniforme, zone de reflux et zone de refroidissement.

8. L'environnement de soudage doit être maintenu propre pour éviter que les facteurs externes interfèrent avec la qualité de soudage.

9. L'inspection des processus doit être effectuée pour garantir que la qualité du soudage répond aux exigences.

Taille du package SMD commun

La méthode de montage SMD commune est divisée en un montage ainsi, Montage QFP, Montage du LCCC et montage PLCC quatre.

(1) Le montage est donc divisé en montage SOP et en montage SOL, L'utilisation de la forme de la broche d'électrode en forme d'aile, Espacement des broches 1,27 mm, 1.0 m m, 0.8MM, 0.65mm et 0,5 mm.

(2) Rectangle de montage PQFP sur tous les côtés des épingles d'électrode en forme de l'aile, L'épaisseur de 1,0 mm ou 0,5 mm. Les puces emballées QFP sont généralement des circuits intégrés à grande échelle, le nombre d'épingles d'électrode pour le 20 à 400, Le pas de broche minimum est de 0,4 mm, le plus grand est de 1,27 mm.

L'espacement minimum de la broche est de 0,4 mm et le maximum est de 1,27 mm.

(3) Le montage LCCC n'est pas un montage à Pin, La puce est montée sur un transporteur en céramique, Aucune extrémité de soudage d'électrode de plomb n'est disposée sur le bas des quatre côtés de la surface de montage, le nombre d'épingles d'électrode 18 ~ 156, l'espacement de 1,27 mm.

(4) Le montage PLCC est un montage rectangulaire de circuits intégrés, Ses épingles se sont accrochées à l'intérieur, le nombre d'épingles d'électrode 16 ~ 84, le pas est de 1,27 mm.

Le soudage SMD est une œuvre très délicate, qui se fait de nos jours par des lignes de production entièrement automatisées. Bien sûr, Pour que les débutants comprennent et l'apprenant le soudage manuel est également très nécessaire. Parce que de cette façon, nous pouvons plus rapidement familiariser avec l'ensemble du processus de soudage, Et mieux à même de trouver des problèmes, résoudre les problèmes.

Comment choisir le placage et l'épaisseur de la carte PCB?

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Once the board has passed through the standard Fabrication de PCB processus, the bare copper in the PCB is ready for surface treatment.PCB plating is used to protect any copper in the PCB that would be exposed through the soldermask, whether it be pads, vias, or other conductive components. Designers usually default to tin-lead plating, but other plating options may be better suited for your board application.

Dans cet article, I will cover the different PCB plating material options and their advantages in PCBs. There are a variety of options available and depending on your reliability or application needs, you may want to check if the manufacturer can apply the plating you need in your design. We will look at these options and briefly discuss how plating affects loss.

Types of PCB Plating

There are a variety of PCB plating materials. I have summarized the popular materials that designers should know and understand in the following sections. I have never met a manufacturer that does not offer all of these options. If your target manufacturer does not explicitly state that they offer one of the options in the list below, you can always email them for a list of their capabilities, including their PCB plating material options.

Tin Lead and Immersion Tin Plating
This PCB finish may be the least expensive option, but it is not RoHS compliant due to the use of lead in the plated finish.Dip tin is a lead-free alternative for entry-level boards.

Avantage:
▶ Ultra-flat surface
▶ Inexpensive
▶ Compatible with standard solder

Désavantage:
▶ Not conducive to multiple assembly processes or rework
▶ Forms tin whiskers over time
▶ Tin diffusion into copper may reduce shelf life depending on intermetallic compound content
▶ May damage soldermask during plating process

Nivellement de soudure à air chaud (Saigner) and Lead Free HASL
HASL was once a very popular finishing option, but it is not as reliable as other plating materials. It is inexpensive and has a lead-free option, so it can be used as an entry-level plating option.
Avantage:
▶ Inexpensive
▶ Can be repaired
▶ Due to poor wettability

Désavantage:
▶Uneven surface makes it less useful for small SMD devices
▶ May be damaged by thermal shock
▶May be difficult to solder

Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold Plating (Accepter)
Considering the drawbacks of SnPb and immersion tin plating, ENIG is now arguably the most popular surface treatment in the industry. In this plating material, nickel acts as a barrier between the copper and the thin gold surface layer of the component to be soldered.

Avantage:
▶ Ultra-flat surface
▶ PTH holes can be easily plated
▶ Widely available
▶Easy soldering
▶Suitable for fine-pitch components
▶Highly reliable against mechanical damage
▶Wire bondable (aluminium)

Désavantage
▶ Not favorable for multiple assembly processes or rework
▶ May experience phosphorus penetration between gold and nickel layers, known as black pad syndrome
▶ Rough interfaces can cause signal loss at high frequencies

Conservateur de soudabilité organique (OSP)
This organic, water-based finish selectively binds to copper to provide a highly flat surface finish. As an organic material, it is sensitive to handling and contaminants, although the application process is simpler than other PCB plating materials. It also has very low losses at high frequencies.

Avantage:
▶ Ultra-flat surface
▶ Repairable after application
▶Simple application process
▶Very low interconnection loss at high frequencies
▶Wire bondable (aluminium)

Désavantage:
▶Easy to damage
▶Short shelf life

Immersion Silver Plating
This is my preferred PCB plating material for high frequency applications. It forms a smooth interface with the bare copper and therefore does not increase conductor losses as other PCB finishes do. The main disadvantage is that it loses its luster on the bare board, so it should be soldered and encapsulated as soon as possible after fabrication.

Avantage:
▶ Easy aluminum soldering and wire bonding
▶ Ultra-flat surface
▶ Suitable for fine pitch
▶ Better suited for high-frequency interconnections in high-reliability systems
▶Wire bondable (aluminium)

Désavantage:
▶ Silver whiskering over time
▶Exposed (unsoldered) conductors lose luster over time, although added OSP helps prevent this ▶May be difficult to plate into small-diameter vias

Or dur
This plating material is essentially ENIG, but has a very thick outer layer of gold, making it one of the most expensive PCB plating materials. The gold layer creates a hard surface that can be damaged, but its thickness makes it difficult to fully expose the nickel layer.

Avantage:
▶ Wire bondable (aluminum and gold)
▶ Very durable surface

Désavantage.
▶ Very expensive
▶ Not applicable to solderable areas
▶ Requires additional process steps for selective applications
▶ May experience brittle cracking

How to specify PCB plating material and thickness

Typical PCB plating thickness values are about 100 micro inches. For immersion silver and OSP, typical thicknesses can be as low as about 10 micro inches. If you are producing a prototype and the manufacturer has a standard quotation, you will have the opportunity to specify the type of plating on their forms. On these forms, they may not ask you to provide the thickness, so be sure to specify it if you need a specific thickness. After specifying the desired plating value, your manufacturer will need to ensure that the plating can be reliably deposited to the desired thickness.

Why is the thickness of the plated material important? There are two reasons. D'abord, the IPC-2221A standard specifies minimum plating thicknesses for each IPC product category (see Table 4.3). If you want your product to comply with any of the standard IPC product categories, then you need to make sure that the plating thickness meets its specifications. Normally, if you specify the product category, as you normally do in your manufacturing notes, the minimum plating thickness will be implied. Just make sure you don’t contradict yourself, otherwise the manufacturer will email you asking for plating comments.

Another reason to worry about PCB plating thickness is its effect on losses. At low frequencies, you probably won’t notice any effect on frequency, so low-speed digital signals and sub-GHz radios don’t need to worry much about PCB plating thickness. I’ve completed custom printed transmitters running at 5.8GHz WiFi with ENIG (not the best choice for high frequencies) that swamped the receiver in our test setup, so if your circuit design is correct, you can even bypass most plating at these frequencies.

The loss problem arises at millimeter-wave frequencies, such as short-range radar (24 Ghz) and higher. At these frequencies, the roughness of the copper becomes a very noticeable factor in loss, especially on low loss RF substrates like Rogers. The thickness of the plating will determine the roughness experienced by the signal as it propagates, and this will be reflected in the skin effect resistance.

Comment couper des PCB (le dernier guide)

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The PCB required for different electronic products is also different. How to match the compatible shape requires cutting PCB. How to cut PCB into the required size, and then introduce the PCB cutting guide in detail.

Why we need to cut pcb ?

There are several reasons why you might want to cut your PCB to the right size for your current project. Many projects require PCB sizes and dimensions that are not readily available. In these types of cases, cutting the size you need from a larger PCB might be the only option.

De plus, a lot of professionals and enthusiasts prefer ordering larger PCBs and cutting custom sizes. This is a common practice as larger PCBs often cost less per unit of size. Donc, this practice can help make projects more economical and cost-effective.

Cutting your own custom-sized PCBs can also help you save time. If you are in the middle of a time-critical project and have large PCBs lying around, cutting the size you need gives you access to the right board immediately. This way, you do not have to waste time waiting for custom-size boards to arrive from your supplier.

Comment couper des PCB

There are many ways to cut the circuit board. The following are the main methods:

1. Coupe: Cutting is the first step of the mechanical operation of the printed circuit board. By cutting, it can give a rough shape and outline. The basic cutting method is suitable for a variety of substrates, usually the thickness does not exceed 2mm. When the cutting board is more than 2mm, the edges of the cut will appear rough and uneven, so this method is generally not adopted.

2.V cutting machine: Most factories use special V -type cutting machines for PCB cutting.

3. Template and Punching: Use the template to form a groove around the PCB material, and then use the punch to break the PCB. Cependant, this method may lead to cracks in the final product and lower efficiency.

4. PCB router machine, V-CUT PCB machine, PCB milling cutter, PCB sawing machine, dedicated PCB cutting tool: These tools may be more applicable when dealing with PCB of different materials and sizes.

PCB cutting process

1. Determine the cutting position: Before cutting, you need to determine the position and shape of the cut. This can help determine by using templates or manual drawing.

2. Select the right cutting tool: Select the appropriate cutting tool according to the PCB material and size of the cut. Common cutting tools include V-CUT machines, PCB router machines, PCB milling cutters, PCB sawing machines, etc..

3. Adjust the cutting depth: For some PCBs that need to be cut into a certain depth, you need to adjust the cutting depth. This can be achieved by setting the cutting depth of cutting or using the template on the cutting machine.

4. Control the cutting speed: When cutting, you need to control the cutting speed to avoid excessive or insufficient cutting. En général, the slower cutting speed can provide better cutting quality and less calories.

5. Use coolant: When cutting, you can use coolant to help reduce temperature and reduce the production of thermal stress. This can prevent the PCB board from deforming or rupturing.

6. Check the cutting quality: After the cutting is complete, check the cutting quality to ensure that the cutting meets the requirements. If the cutting is poor, you can adjust the cutting tool or re -adjust the cutting parameters.

Cutting is an important process of Assemblage PCB. Correct cutting can better complete the product assembly. For enthusiasts, knowing how to cut PCB is beneficial, because it can help save the cost and time of major projects. With this guide, you should be able to learn how to cut PCB, what tools do you need, and how to use them to achieve the best results.