Для чего используется макет печатной платы?
Делаете ли вы робота или любой другой электронный проект, you are likely to make a wiring prototype on a breadboard and then make a permanent circuit on a perforated board or printed circuit board. And it will use a board to control most of its functions. Before PCB is mass-produced and assembled, it is necessary to ensure that all functions meet the product requirements, so it is a very important step to make a breadboard for relevant verification before that. What is a PCB breadboard? This article will introduce the concept of breadboard, its application and the difference from PCB board in detail to help you better understand PCB breadboard.
What is a breadboard
PCB breadboard is a circuit board specially used in the experiment, testing and development stages. It is usually made of one or more layers of insulating material (such as glass fiber reinforced plastic) with copper wire tracks printed on it, which connect the various parts of the circuit to form a complete circuit system. These insulating materials and conductive materials (медная фольга) together constitute the basic structure of the PCB breadboard.
1. Structure and materials
Субстрат: PCB breadboards are usually made of insulating substrates such as epoxy resin, phenolic resin or glass fiber reinforced plastic (FR-4). These materials provide good mechanical support and electrical isolation.
Copper foil: On one or both sides of the substrate, a thin layer of copper foil is covered, and a fine circuit path is formed through processes such as etching or laser cutting.
Паяльная маска: In order to protect the circuit and prevent short circuits, a layer of solder mask is usually applied on top of the copper foil, leaving only the component pins and connection points that need to be soldered exposed.
2. Function and use
Прототипирование: In the early stages of product development, PCB experimental boards allow engineers to quickly build circuit prototypes to verify design concepts and performance.
Testing and verification: Through PCB experimental boards, various tests can be performed on circuits, включая функциональные тесты, Производительные тесты, и испытания на надежность.
Teaching and research: PCB experimental boards are also an important tool in the teaching of electronic engineering and related majors, helping students understand circuit design and the working principles of electronic components.
3. Design and production
Design software: Using professional Дизайн печатной платы программное обеспечение (such as Altium Designer, Орел, и т. д.), engineers can draw circuit diagrams and generate PCB layout and wiring files for manufacturing.
Manufacturing methods: PCB experimental boards can be manufactured by a variety of methods, including chemical etching, лазерная резка, and mechanical punching. As technology develops, rapid prototyping services are becoming more convenient and efficient.
What are breadboards used for?
Modern electronic breadboards typically do not require soldering of components. As such, their connections are temporary, meaning that if the user needs to modify or correct something, they can quickly and easily switch them out.
Breadboards are most often used in prototyping applications. The fact that solderless breadboards do not require circuit components to be semi-permanently fixed to the PCB surface makes it much easier and quicker to manipulate and replace circuit components until the desired effect is achieved. This is ideal for both experimental design and rigorous testing of circuits. The breadboard’s ability to hot-swap components makes it a very handy device during the prototyping phase of circuit design and development.
Not only is using breadboards more economical in terms of time and expense, it has the added advantage of making diagnostic and debugging efforts much simpler.
Solderless breadboards are ideal for technical analysis applications. Breadboards allow electronic engineers to quickly replicate real PCBs in existing products or systems. This is particularly useful for helping to identify possible electronic faults or failure points in a given circuit without having to waste time and money making incremental or experimental adjustments to a fully soldered board in a complete but faulty product. In a large and complex circuit, a single misplaced wire can cause the entire system to behave erratically (or stop working altogether). It’s very useful to see the exact location of every component pin, without guesswork or incorrect soldering slowing things down!
When Should You Use a Breadboard?
Breadboards are ideal for several scenarios:
Прототипирование: Breadboards provide a quick and flexible way to test and validate circuit designs before committing to a permanent solution.
Educational Purposes: They are widely used in electronics education to teach students about circuit design and component interconnections.
Temporary Circuits: If you need a temporary circuit for a specific project or experiment, a breadboard allows you to assemble and disassemble the circuit easily.
What details do I need to pay attention to when using a breadboard?
it pays to keep a few general rules of thumb in mind when using breadboards to build a functional circuit prototype. Below you’ll find a list of things to consider as you proceed:
●Remember that even simple breadboard circuits aren’t generally appropriate setups for permanent installation in any product or device. They should only be used for designing and testing circuits outside of cases and housings before moving on to a soldered version
●While you won’t typically need any tools to build a circuit on a solderless breadboard, it can be enormously helpful to have some tweezers or needle-nose pliers to hand for small components
●Be mindful of how you’re inserting component leads into the breadboard holes. Try to push them in straight down and consider trimming them if they’re not already at an optimal length. The ideal is a snug fit that allows LEDs, резисторы, and other components to sit reasonably flush with the board surface
●Always pay attention to component and cable management in general, especially when arranging jumper wires. You’re highly likely to end up with a tangled, disorganised-looking board if you’re not careful about keeping them flat and routed sensibly
●Invest in a jumper wire kit to give yourself a head start with various lengths and colour-coding options at your disposal. This can prove incredibly useful as your circuits get more intricate
●Channel jumpers around, and not directly over, other components. This will make future adjustments easier
●Don’t take shortcuts with breadboard wiring. Avoid wiring individual components directly to battery packs and other power supplies. Try to be disciplined and always connect via the power rails
●Consider keeping a digital multimeter handy at all times, so you can easily check connections between holes and rails if you’re uncertain about exactly how anything links up
●Remember that the configurations of holes, strips, and connections may differ from brand to brand. Basic breadboard parts and functions are the same on any type. Однако, it’s wise to be clear about how things link up on the specific board you’re working with if you want to avoid frustrations
The Difference Between PCB and Breadboard
Печатная плата (Печатная плата) and a breadboard are both used for building electronic circuits, but they serve different purposes and are used in different stages of circuit development.
Печатная плата (Печатная плата):
A PCB is a permanent, жесткий, or flexible board used to physically support and electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways, прокладки, and other features.
PCBs are typically used in the final stages of a product design. Once the circuit is fully developed, it is transferred to a PCB for mass production or final assembly.
PCBs are more durable and reliable compared to breadboards and can handle higher frequencies, voltages, and currents.
They are usually designed with specific layouts, and the circuit is printed onto the board using various materials like copper, which are then etched or chemically processed to form the desired circuit.
PCBs are ideal for production-scale designs because they offer a compact, эффективный, and repeatable method of assembling circuits.
Макет:
A breadboard is a tool used for prototyping circuits.It allows components to be inserted into a grid of holes with internal connections, creating temporary circuits without soldering.
Breadboards are often used in the early stages of design to test and validate circuits before they are finalized for PCB design.
They are reusable and ideal for quick testing, experimentation, and troubleshooting.
Однако, breadboards are not suitable for high-frequency circuits, or circuits that require robust, long-term performance. They are prone to poor electrical connections and can be unstable for certain types of designs.
Key Differences:
Цель: Breadboards are for prototyping and testing; PCBs are for final, permanent circuit assembly.
Долговечность: PCBs are more durable, while breadboards are for temporary setups.
Сложность дизайна: PCBs are designed for specific functions and are complex, while breadboards allow flexible, quick modifications.
Connection Stability: PCBs have stable, soldered connections, while breadboard connections can be loose or unreliable.
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