The difference between active and passive electronic components

Electronic components are an important part of the circuit board. The normal work of a circuit board requires many components to complete it together. Electronic components are divided into active devices and passive devices. What are the differences between active and passive devices? What is the difference between the two? Now let’s understand together.

Simply put , a device that needs an electrical source is called a source device, and devices that do not need an electrical source are passive devices. Source devices are generally used for signal amplification, transformation, etc., and passive devices are used to transmit signals, or “signal amplification” through directionability. Capacitors, resistors, and inductors are passive devices, ICs, modules, etc. are active devices. (Generally speaking, it is necessary to display the characteristics of the characteristics, such as the triode. If the power supply can display its characteristics, it is called non-active components).

1. Basic definition of passive devices

If the electronic component does not have any form of power inside, this device is called a passive device.

In terms of circuit nature, there are two basic characteristics of passive devices:

(1) It consumes electricity, or converts electricity into different forms of energy.

(2) Just enter the signal, you can work normally without adding a power supply.

2. Basic definition of source devices

If the electronic component is working, there is a power supply inside, then this device is called a source device.

From the nature of the circuit, there are two basic characteristics of the source devices:

(1) It also consumes electricity.

(2) In addition to the input signal, it must also be added for normal operation.

Difference Between Passive and Active Devices

Different energy sources
A source device requires external energy to function normally, while passive devices are not required. The characteristics of active devices are that the signal can be amplified and obtained, but energy is required to complete these operations. The passive device only plays the role of transmitting signals, storing energy, filtering signals, etc., and does not require energy support.

Different working principles
A source device regulates the output signal by amplifying, gain, filtering, etc. in the input signal. These devices have complex physical mechanisms such as crystal tubes and field effect tubes, which require sophisticated technology and techniques to produce. The working principle of passive devices is relatively simple, but the transmission and conversion of signals can be realized through physical mechanisms such as electric fields and magnetic fields.

Different application scenarios
Source devices are usually used for signals, such as signal amplification, signal transformation, power adjustment, etc., such as audio amplifiers, power amplifiers, inverters, etc. The passive device is often used for signal filtering, energy storage, interference elimination and other occasions, such as power filter capacitors, current limit resistance, etc.

Common passive electronic devices

Passive devices in the electronic system can be divided into circuit devices and connecting devices according to the circuit functions for which they are responsible.

1. Circuit device

(1) Diode
(2) Resistance
(3) Resistance row
(4) Capacitor
(5) inductee
(6) Transformer
(7) Relayer
(8) button
(9) Bee tweezers, speakers
(10) Switch

2. Connectary device

(1) Connector
(2) socket
(3) Connecting cables
(4) Print circuit board

The passive component is mainly resistance, inductance, and capacitance components. Its common feature is that it can work when there is a signal without the need to add a power supply to the circuit.

1. resistance

When the current passes through the conductor, the nature of the internal resistance hinders the current and is called resistance. The component of the streaming effect in the circuit is called a resistor, short for resistance. The main use of the resistor is antihypertensive, separation or diversion, and is used as load, feedback, coupling, isolation, etc. in some special circuits.

The resistance symbol in the circuit diagram is the letter R. The standard resistance unit is Ohm, which is recorded as R. Commonly used is the thousand Euros KΩ, Mazou MΩ. 1kΩ = 1000Ω 1MΩ = 1000KΩ

2. Capacity

Capacitors are also one of the most common components in electronic circuits. It is a component of storage power. The capacitor consists of two layers of insulating medium in the middle of the same large conductor. When the voltage is added to both ends, the capacitor is stored on the capacitor. Once there is no voltage, as long as there is a closed circuit, it will release electricity. The capacitor prevents DC from passing through the circuit, and allows communication to pass. The higher the frequency of communication, the stronger the ability to pass. Consequently, capacitors are often used in circuits, bypass filtering, feedback, timing, and oscillation.

The letter of the capacitor is C. The unit of capacitance is Fara (recorded F), and it is commonly used in μF (micro method), PF (ie μF, micro method). 1F = 1000000 μF 1 μF = 1000000pf

The characteristics of capacitors in circuits are nonlinear. The impedance to the current is called tolerance. Capacity and signal frequency are inversely proportional.

3. Unempathic

The inductance is the same as the capacitor, and it is also an energy storage component. The inductor is usually made of a coil. When an AC voltage is added to the end of the coil, an induction electromotive force is generated in the coil, which hinders changes in the coil current. This hindrance is called sensory resistance. Sensor resistance is proportional to the frequency of inductance and signals. It does not hinder DC power (DC resistance from the coil). Therefore, the role of inductance in the electronic line is: streaming, transformers, coupling, and compatibility with capacitors as tone, filtering, frequency selection, frequency division, etc.

The encoder is encoded in circuit L. The unit of inductance is Henry (recorded as H), and the commonly used is the slightest (MH) and Weigin (μH). 1H = 1000mh 1mh = 1000 μH

The inductance is a typical electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic conversion component. The most common application is a transformer.

Common active electronic devices

A device source is the main device of the electronic circuit. From the physical structure, circuit function and engineering parameters, source devices can be divided into two categories: separate devices and integrated circuits.

1. Divided device

(1) Bipolar transistor, generally referred to as triode, BJT
(2) Field Effective Transistor
(3) Crystal tube, also called thyristor
(4) Semiconductor resistance and capacitance – resistance and capacitors made of integrated technology for integrated circuits.

2. Simulation integrated circuit device

An integrated circuit device is an integrated circuit device used to process an analog voltage or current signal that continuously changes over time.

Basic simulation integrated circuit devices generally include:
(1) Operational amplifier
(2) Comparator
(3) Delivery and index amplifier
(4) Multiplier/Divider
(5) Analog switch
(6) Phase Lock Loop
(7) VOLTAGE Regulator
(8) Reference Source
(9) Waveform Generator
(10) Power Amplifier

3. Digital integrated circuit device
(1) Logic Gate Circuit
(2) Flip-flop
(3) Register
(4) Decoder
(5) Comparator
(6) Driver
(7) Counter
(8) Plastic surgery circuit
(9) PLD
(10) Microprocessor, MPU
(11) Microcontroller, MCU
(12) DIGITAL SIGNAL Processor, DSP

Summarize

Source devices are usually used for signals, such as signal amplification, signal transformation, power adjustment, etc., such as audio amplifiers, power amplifiers, inverters, etc. The passive device is often used for signal filtering, energy storage, interference elimination and other occasions, such as power filter capacitors, current limit resistance, etc.