What are the electronic components on the PCB board

Electronic components on the PCB board refer to various electronic components that perform circuit functions on the PCB board by welding and insertion. There are many types of electronic components. According to their functions, they can be divided into two types: passive components and active components. Below we will introduce the common electronic components on the PCB board in detail.

Passive component

Passive components refer to components that do not have active functions such as amplification and switching in the circuit. Its main function is to filter, allocate, and protect the circuit. Common passive components include the following:

(1) Resistance: used to limit current, divide pressure, eliminate interference, etc.
(2) Capacitors: used to store charge, filter, stabilizer, etc.
(3) inductor: used to store magnetic fields, frequency division, filtering, etc.
(4) Diodes: used for rectification, restriction, switching, etc.
(5) triode: used to enlarge, switch, etc.

Active component

Active components refer to components with active functions such as amplification and switching. Its main function is to enlarge and switch the circuit, switch and other operations. Common active elements include the following:

(1) Field effect tube: used to magnify, switch, etc.
(2) Optical coupler: used for isolation, transmission signal, etc.
(3) Crystal tube: used to enlarge, switch, etc.

Integrated circuit: Integrate multiple electronic components together to achieve more complex circuit functions.

Other components

In addition to passive and active components, there are some other types of components used to achieve specific functions. Other common components include:

(1) Power module: used to provide power voltage and current.
(2) Sensor: Used for sensing environmental information, such as temperature, humidity, light, etc.
(3) Motor: Used to drive mechanical movements.
(4) Display: Used to display images and text.
(5) Audio module: used to play sound and music.

In general, there are many types of electronic components on the PCB board. According to their functions, they can be divided into two types: passive components and active components. Passive components are mainly used for filtering, allocation, protection, etc., and active components are mainly used for amplification, switching and other operations. In addition to passive and active components, there are some other types of components used to achieve specific functions.

The five categories of electronic components

1. Divided by manufacturing industry – components and devices

The classification of components and devices is to distinguish whether the composition of the material molecule and the structure of the molecular weight in the component process is a concept that divides the industry. In the component manufacturing industry, the device is manufactured by semiconductor companies, while components are manufactured by electronic component companies.

Components: products that do not change molecular components and structures during processing. For example, resistors, capacitors, inductors, potentiots, transformers, connectors, switches, quartz / ceramic components, relays, etc.

Device: Products that change molecular components and structures during processing are mainly various semiconductor products. For example, diodes, triode, field effect tube, various optoelectric components, various integrated circuits, etc. include electrical vacuum devices and liquid crystal displays.

2. Divide by circuit functions – separation and integration

Division device: Independent devices with a certain voltage current relationship, including basic electrical anti-components, electromechanical components, semiconductor discrete devices (diode, bipolar tritinal tubes, field effect tubes, crystal tubes).

Integrated device: It is usually called an integrated circuit. It refers to a complete functional circuit or system. It uses integrated manufacturing technology to package into a package to form a device with specific circuit functions and technical parameter indicators.

The essential difference between separate devices and integrated devices is that separate devices only have simple voltage current conversion or control functions, and do not have the system function of the circuit; and integrated devices can form completely independent circuits or system functions. In fact, integrated circuits with systematic functions are no longer simple “device” and “circuit”, but a complete product, such as digital TV systems, which have integrated all circuits into a chip, and are still called integrated integration in accordance with it. Circuit.

3. Divided according to the working mechanism – passive and active

The passive component and active components, also known as passive device and active device, are divided according to the working mechanism of the component, which are generally used to discuss circuit principles.

Protonant element: Instant components to input signal power components only when working, and signal processing and transmission can be performed without power supply. The passive element includes resistance, potentiometer, capacitance, inductance, diode, etc.

Source: The basic condition for normal operation is that the corresponding power supply must be supplied to the element. If there is no power, the device will not work. There are active components including triode, field effect tube, integrated circuit, etc., which are components consisting of semiconductors as the base material, as well as electrical vacuum components.

4. Divide by assembly – papers and stickers

Before the surface assembly machine appears, all components are assembled on the circuit board by installation. In the modern and extensive application of surface assembly technology, most components have two types of packaging and stickers. Some of the new components have eliminated plug-in packaging.

Insertion: When assembled on the printed board, you must connect the hole on the printed board. The pins are on the other side of the circuit board to implement the welding connection component, which usually has long pins and volume.

Paste: There is no need to connect to the printed board when assembled on the printed board. The device that is directly wrapped in copper foil on the printed board is usually a short pitch or no foot pattern structure.

5. Classification by Environment – Component Reliability

There are many types of circuit components. With the continuous improvement of electronic technology and process levels, a large number of new devices continue to appear. For different use environments and the same device, there are different reliability standards. Military equipment and supplies may be ten times or more expensive than civilian products, and industrial products may be in between.

Civilian supplies: Family, entertainment, office and other fields with general requirements for reliability and high cost performance;

Industrial products: High requirements for reliability, cost -effective requirements, general industrial control, transportation, instrumentation, etc.;

Military supplies: Military workers, aerospace, medical and other fields with high requirements for reliability and unsightly.