what are electrical components

Electrical components refer to parts of an electrical circuit that perform a specific electrical function. There are many types of electrical components, each of which serves a different purpose.

Electrical components play a variety of roles in circuits and can perform different electrical functions. By combining them in different ways, electrical components can be used to design complex circuits to meet a variety of needs.

What are electrical components?

Electrical components help circuits function. These components generate, convert and transmit electrical energy. Electrical components include resistors, diodes, transistors, and inductors. These components allow circuits to work properly. They come in all shapes and sizes. Electrical components control the flow of electrons in a circuit.

The electrical components have at least two terminals connected to the circuit. The complexity of the circuit determines the number of electronic components in it. These components are classified into active and passive components.

Active components

Active components use electrical signals to produce electric power. These components carry out their functions since they get their power through an electricity source. Also, these components need some source of energy that is gotten from a DC circuit. Active components have directionality or gain. Examples of active components include transistors, oscillator, and IC.

Passive components

Passive components can save or maintain energy in a voltage or current form. Also, these components don’t depend on a power source. Therefore, they don’t have the capability to amplify. They don’t have any directionality or gain. Examples of passive components include inductors, capacitors, resistors, and transformers.

Introduction to Commonly Used Electrical Components

Resistors

There are various types of resistors such as metal film %, wirewound, porcelain, and carbon film. The most commonly used are metal film resistors.
2、Main Parameters: Resistance Value, Power
3, Resistor Resistance Value Series:.
Precision of 5% carbon film resistors, nominal value in ohms: 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 43, 47, 51, 56.62, 68, 75, 82, 91.
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5, patch electro-positive only commonly used digital labeling method.

Capacitors

If a resistor is like a cushion that is used to control the flow of electricity, then capacitors are like small rechargeable batteries that store small amounts of charge in them. Capacitors do two things at the same time:
They allow AC, or Alternating Current, to flow through them.
They resist the flow of DC, or Direct Current, through them.

By doing so, they are able to stabilize almost any circuit. There are two types of capacitors that are primarily used:
Polarized capacitors – these have a positive and negative terminal.
Non-polarized capacitors – these do not have any positive or negative terminals.

Transformer

A transformer is an electrical component that changes the levels of current and voltage in a circuit. This component has 2 coils of wire which are linked by an iron core. The transformer integrates mutual induction to transform electric energy from a circuit to another. Also, this component helps in decreasing or increasing AC voltages.

A transformer works based on the Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction. This law talks about the mutual inductance between two circuits connected by a magnetic flux. Transformers enable the conversion of power form a circuit to another with a different level of voltage. These basic electrical components are available in a range of sizes.

Crystal Diode

Dual-terminal crystal diode semiconductor device in solid-state electronics. These devices are mainly characterized by their nonlinear current-voltage characteristics. Since then, with the development of semiconductor materials and process technology, the use of different semiconductor materials, doping distribution, geometric structure, the development of a wide variety of structural, functional use of a variety of crystal diodes. Manufacturing materials include germanium, silicon and compound semiconductors. Crystal diodes can be used to generate, control, receive, transform, amplify signals and convert energy.

1.Role: the main characteristic of the diode is unidirectional conductivity, that is, in the forward voltage, the on-resistance is very small; and in the reverse voltage under the on-resistance is very large or infinite.

2.Identification methods: diode identification is very simple, low-power N-pole diode (negative), most of the diode in the appearance of the diode using a color circle marked out, some diodes also use diode-specific symbols to indicate that the P-pole (positive) or N-pole (negative), there are symbols used to sign for “P”, “” to determine the diode polarity, “N”. N” to determine the polarity of the diode. The positive and negative light emitting diode can be identified from the pin length, the long leg is positive, the short leg is negative.

Varactor diode

Variable capacitance diode is also known as “variable reactance diode”. It is a type of diode that uses the dependence of the PN junction capacitance (barrier capacitance) on its reverse bias voltage Vr and its principle.

Tube varactor diode is a special diode designed according to the principle that the junction capacitance of the “PN junction” inside an ordinary diode can change with the change of the applied reverse voltage.

Sensor

The sensor is capable of sensing the prescribed measurement and in accordance with certain laws in a usable output signal device or apparatus, usually by sensitive elements and conversion elements.

A sensor is a physical device or biological organ capable of detecting and sensing external signals, physical conditions (e.g., light, heat, humidity), or chemical compositions (e.g., smoke), and transmitting the sensed information to other devices or organs. “Transducer” is defined in the New Vatican Dictionary as “a device that receives power from one system and sends it to a second system, usually in another form.”

Transformer

A transformer is a device that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to change the AC voltage, the main components being the primary coil, secondary coil, and core. In electrical equipment and wireless circuits, it is often used to raise or lower the voltage, match the impedance, and isolate for safety. In the generator, regardless of the coil movement through the magnetic field or the magnetic field movement through the fixed coil, it can be induced in the coil potential. In both cases, the value of the magnetic flux is unchanged, but the number of fluxes with the coil intersection chain, but there are changes in the number of fluxes, which is the principle of mutual induction. A transformer is a device that uses electromagnetic induction to transform voltage, current, and impedance.

Integrated Circuit (IC)

An IC is one of the most basic electrical components in a circuit. Also known as a microchip, this component has millions of transistors, capacitors, and resistors. An integrated circuit can act as a microprocessor, oscillator, and timer. This component is the foundation of several devices like computers, cell phones, and more.

An integrated circuit is widely integrated in computing devices. It can be nonlinear or linear based on its application. A linear IC has a continuous variable output. However, the level of input signal determines the output. Furthermore, linear ICs function as radio frequency and audio frequency amplifiers. A non-linear IC otherwise known as digital circuit functions at specified states. This IC is commonly used in computer networks, modems, frequency counters, and more. The logic gates are the foundation of a non-linear IC.

Switch

A switch is an electrical component that breaks a current, disrupt a current and provide current from a conductor to another. This electrical component uses the on and off mechanism that performs this task. Switch are classified in four main types which are single pole sing throw, double pole single throws, double pole double throws, as well as the single pole double throws.

Battery

Batteries act as a source of electric power through the electrochemical cells. Each cell is consists of an anode (-), cathode (+), and electrolyte. It works on the principle of electrochemical reaction as the cells create the flow of electrons through a chemical reaction. In layman’s terms, batteries are portable containers that store electrical potential energy.
If it were not for batteries, your Xbox controller and mobile phones would’ve been tied to a charger all day. There are two types of cells in a battery – primary rechargeable cells and secondary non-rechargeable cells.

Application areas of electrical components

I. Energy field

Electrical components occupy a very important position in the energy industry. From power generation to transmission to power distribution, the application of electrical components is omnipresent. For example, generators, transformers, capacitors, etc. are all electrical components. In addition, electrical components in the smart grid and other new energy fields also have a wide range of applications, such as smart meters, photovoltaic inverters and so on.

Second, the field of manufacturing

In the manufacturing industry, electrical components are also essential. For example, CNC machine tools, automated production lines, robots, etc. need to use a variety of electrical components. In addition, electrical components are also widely used in automobile manufacturing, mining, aviation and other industries.

Third, the construction field

Electrical components are also essential in the field of construction, such as lighting equipment, elevators, air conditioning, etc. need the support of electrical components. In addition, in modern cities, subways, tunnels, bridges and other transportation infrastructure also require the application of electrical components.

Fourth, the field of transport

In the field of transport, electrical components also have a very wide range of applications. Such as high-speed rail, subway, urban rail transit, etc. are used in a variety of electrical components. In addition, cars, planes, ships, etc. also need the support of electrical components.
In general, the application of electrical components is very wide, so in various fields occupy a very important position. They are not only an essential and important part of the functioning of modern society today, but will continue to play a vital role in the future.